_pyr_, fire; because
tinder particular circumstances, the stone produces spontaneous
heat, and even inflammation.

PYROMETER. An instrument for measuring intense degrees of heat.

QUADRUMANA. The order of mammiferous animals to which apes belong.
_Etym._, _quadrus_, a derivative of the Latin word for the number
four, and _manus_, hand, the four feet of those animals being in
some degree usable as hands.

QUA-QUA-VERSAL DIP. The dip of beds to all points of the compass
around a centre, as in the case of beds of lava round the crater of
a volcano. _Etym._, _qua-qua-versum_, on every side.

QUARTZ. A German provincial term, universally adopted in scientific
language for a simple mineral composed of pure silex, or earth of
flints: rock-crystal is an example.

QUARTZITE or QUARTZ ROCK. An aggregate of grains of quartz,
sometimes passing into compact quartz.

RED MARL. A term often applied to the New Red Sandstone.

RETICULATE. A structure of cross lines, like a net, is said to be
reticulated, from _rete_, a net.

ROCK SALT. Common culinary salt, or muriate of soda, found in vast
solid masses or beds, in different formations, extensively in the
New Red Sandstone formation, as in Cheshire; and it is then called
_rock_-salt.

RUBBLE. A term applied by quarry-men to the upper fragmentary and
decomposed portion of a mass of stone.

RUMINANTIA. Animals which ruminate or chew the cud, such as the ox,
deer, &c. _Etym._, the Latin verb _rumino_, meaning the same thing.

SACCHAROID, SACCHARINE. When a stone has a texture resembling that
of loaf-sugar. _Etym._, [Greek: sakchar], _sacchar_, sugar, and
[Greek: eidos], _eidos_, form.

[Illustration: Fig. 100.]

SALIENT ANGLE. In a zigzag line _a a_ are the salient angles, _b b_
the re-entering angles. _Etym._, _salire_, to leap or bound forward.

SALT SPRINGS. Springs of water containing a large quantity of common
salt. They are very abundant in Cheshire and Worcestershire, and
culinary salt is obtained from them by mere evaporation.

SANDSTONE. Any stone which is composed of an agglutination of grains
of sand, whether calcareous, siliceous, or of any other mineral
nature.

SAURIAN. Any animal belonging to the lizard tribe. _Etym._, [Greek:
saura], _saura_, a lizard.

SAXICAVOUS. Hollowing out stone.

SCHIST is often used as syn