in on softer rock, worn down as low as the outcrops of more
resistant rock occurring farther down the valley will permit. The
reversal of the river may account for the sudden transition from a
flat-bottomed valley to a rocky gorge; and for the abrupt change in
the profile, bringing the steepest part of the river near its mouth.
The increased volume of water flowing through the channel since
glacial time has plainly cut down the bed of the ravine between
Jerusalem and the river's mouth, but the channel is still far from
being graded.

[Footnote 8: Report of soundings made in 1907 by T. T. Giffen.]

THE NEVERSINK-DANBURY VALLEY.

Between Neversink Pond and Danbury extends a deep rock valley, in
places filled with drift. As has been shown, this valley was probably
occupied in preglacial time by Rocky River, which then flowed
southward. At its southern end is Still River, which flows through
Danbury from west to east.

The most important tributary of the Still rises northwest of the city,
just beyond the New York-Connecticut boundary line, and has two forks.
The northern fork, which drains East Lake, Padanaram Reservoir, and
Margerie Pond, flows along the northeast side of Clapboard Ridge. The
southern fork has two branches; the northern one includes the
reservoirs of Upper Kohanza and Lake Kohanza, while the upper waters
of the southern branch have been recently dammed to form an extensive
reservoir. On approaching the city, the northernmost fork (draining
East Lake) turns sharply out of its southeast course and flows in a
direction a little east of north. At the end of Clapboard Ridge, the
stream makes a detour around a knoll of coarse stratified drift. From
this turn until it joins Still River, a distance of about a mile, the
stream occupies a broad and partly swampy valley.

At the cemetery in this valley (fig. 1, C) are two eskers of symmetric
form, each a few hundred yards in length and trending nearly parallel
with the valley axis. East of the valley, and about 1-1/2 miles north
of the cemetery, is a broad, flat-topped ridge of till with rock
exposed at the ends, forming a barrier which doubtless existed in
preglacial time. West of the valley is a hill with rock foundation
rounded out on the northeast side by a mass of drift. The preglacial
course of Rocky River was between the outcrops at these two
localities.

Northwest of the cemetery for one and a half miles the uneven surface
is formed of till and