Christianity[12] in
some of its more recent forms has become a serious danger, and in
moments of depression a student is apt to ask whether in the irony of
history the Bible, which strengthened and supported the Church in its
early history, and helped it in many generations to moral reformation,
is destined to become an instrument for preventing the adaptation of
Christianity to the needs of to-day, and to drive the spirit of
religion, which is eternal, from organised Christianity to take refuge
once more in some newer forms, more receptive of truth, and less
tenacious of error.

[1] It is probable that Paul was at this time settled in Damascus
rather than Jerusalem. If so, which synagogue in Jerusalem did he
frequent? That of the Cilicians as a native of Tarsus?

[2] Unless this story is misplaced and ought to come before Acts ix. 32.

[3] Acts xi. 27 ff.

[4] Acts xii. 25-xiv. 28.

[5] Acts xv.

[6] See especially O. W. Emmet, _The Eschatological Question in the
Gospels and other Studies_, pp. 191 ff., and K. Lake, _The Earlier
Epistles of St. Paul_, pp. 274 ff.

[7] The most important names in the first period are Koenigsmann,
Schleiermacher, Gfroerer, and Schwanbeck, especially the last; in the
second period B. Weiss, Wendt, Sorof, Juengst, J. Weiss, Spitta, Clemen,
Hilgenfeld. In general the work of this group is inferior in value to
that of their predecessors. A clear and invaluable summary of both is
given by W. Heitmuller in the _Theologische Rundschau_ for 1899, pp. 47
ff.

[8] Perhaps Norden's name should be added, but interesting and
stimulating though his book _Agnostos Theos_ be, it suffers from
ignorance of early Christianity, and has little permanent value for the
criticism of Acts.

[9] A. von Harnack, _Untersuchungen zu den Schriften des Lukas_; E.
Schwartz, "Zur Chronologie des Paulus," in the _Goettingische
Nachrichten_, 1907, pp. 263 ff.; C. C. Torrey, "The Composition and
Date of Acts," in the _Harvard Theological Studies_, i. The most
damaging criticism of Torrey is that of F. C. Burkitt in the _Journal
of Theological Studies_, Oct. 1919, but I do not think that he answers
Torrey's case.

[10] Especially 1 Cor. xv. and 1 Thess. iv.

[11] See p. 76.

[12] The reference is to certain American institutions, connected in
the main with evangelising movements.

{73}

IV

CORINTH

Christianity had been profoundly changed by its passage from Galilee to
Jerusalem. W