h cheaper
than grain used entirely, but to afford better flavoured
liquor and other qualities which give it a decided
preference."

Fermentation, yeast and baking receive mention. Brewing and the
different kinds of beer are fully examined. In those days adulteration
was practiced, for wormwood and quassia were found as substitutes. The
preparation of beer and ale for home consumption would very likely
find little favor in the "dry-bone" spirit of the present, much less
would the refining of wines and other spirituous liquors of high
alcohol content meet with approbation. However, such prohibitory
questions as are now discussed did not vitally concern our
forefathers, so that it was most proper and praiseworthy to advise the
public how, through the instrumentality of chemistry, many of the
needed articles of life might be made in the highest degree of
purity. In many homes there existed miniature brewing plants.

At the other extreme, among useful commodities, were the manufacture
of fish glue, common glue, gelatine, albumen, magnesia alba, etc.

The several articles thus published in one of the most respected and
influential papers of that early day--1808--had for their purpose the
education of the general public in the application of a science to
their use, but there was also a desire to arouse a deep and steady
interest in science in general, which seems quite plain from a
quotation from that remarkable address of Dr. John Morgan--at one time
Physician-in-Chief of the American Army. The passage was--

"Oh! let it never be said in this City or in this Province,
so happy in its climate and in its soil, where Commerce has
long flourished and plenty smiled, that science, the amiable
daughter of liberty and sister of opulence, droops her
languid head, or follows behind with a slow, unequal pace."

Doubtless deeply moved himself by this impassioned appeal, the author
of the _Aurora_ papers exclaimed--

"I pronounce with confidence this shall never be the case.
Every useful kind of learning shall here fix a favorite seat
and shine forth in meredian splendour, to accomplish which
may _every_ heart and _every_ hand be united."

And then, probably overpowered by an inner, compelling force and
conscious of the possibilities of his science in the cause of man and
the undeveloped resources of our country, quietly awaiting the
oncoming alterations to be performed by applying