OUTHERNERS 132

XVI. SOME NORTHERN LEADERS 140

XVII. DRED SCOTT AND LECOMPTON 147

XVIII. JOHN BROWN 158

XIX. ABRAHAM LINCOLN 172

XX. THE ELECTION OF 1860 185

XXI. FACE TO FACE 197

XXII. HOW THEY DIFFERED 205

XXIII. WHY THEY FOUGHT 211

XXIV. ON NIAGARA'S BRINK--AND OVER 221

XXV. THE CIVIL WAR 237

XXVI. EMANCIPATION BEGUN 248

XXVII. EMANCIPATION ACHIEVED 258

XXVIII. RECONSTRUCTION: EXPERIMENTS AND IDEALS 267

XXIX. RECONSTRUCTION: THE FIRST PLAN 274

XXX. CONGRESS AND THE "BLACK CODES" 281

XXXI. RECONSTRUCTION: THE SECOND PLAN 294

XXXII. RECONSTRUCTION: THE FINAL PLAN 306

XXXIII. RECONSTRUCTION: THE WORKING OUT 316

XXXIV. THREE TROUBLED STATES 331

XXXV. RECONSTRUCTION: THE LAST ACT 344

XXXVI. REGENERATION 354

XXXVII. ARMSTRONG 362

XXXVIII. EVOLUTION 371

XXXIX. EBB AND FLOW 382

XL. LOOKING FORWARD 391

INDEX 413

THE NEGRO AND THE NATION

CHAPTER I

HOW SLAVERY GREW IN AMERICA

An English traveler, riding along the banks of the Potomac in mid-July,
1798, saw ahead of him on the road an old-fashioned chaise, its driver
urging forward his slow horse with the whip, until a sharp cut made the
beast swerve, and the chaise toppled over the bank, throwing out the
driver and the young lady who was with him. The traveler--it was John
Bernard, an actor and a man