and Frazer, _G.B._ ii. 344). I know of no case of it on
good evidence at Rome, unless it be one in the
_devotio_, of an effigy for the soldier, ("ni moritur,"
Livy viii. 10).

[689] See _Roman Festivals_, p. 117, with references to
Mannhardt; Frazer, _G.B._ ii. 256; Farnell, _Cults of
the Greek States_, v. 181.

[690] Livy xxiii. 11. See also Diels, _Sib. Blaetter_,
pp. 11 and 92.

[691] Livy xxiv. 10.

[692] _Ib._ xxiv. 44.

[693] _Ib._ xxv. 1.

[694] _Ib._ xxv. 12. On the Marcian oracles and their
metre, see Bouche-Leclercq, _Hist. de divination_, iv.
128 foll.; Wissowa, _R.K._ 463 note 2; Diels, _op. cit._
p. 7 foll.

[695] See above, Lect. xi. p. 262. For the Apolline
games, _R.F._ p. 179 foll.

[696] Livy xxvi. 23.

[697] _Ib._ xxvii. 8.

[698] _Ib._ xxvii. 25; Plut. _Marcellus_, p. 28.

[699] _Ib._ xxvii. 23.

[700] _Ib._ xxvii. 37.

[701] The idea that this number was "chthonic" and a
monopoly of the Sibylline utterances was started by
Diels, _Sib. Blaetter_, p. 42 foll., with imperfect
anthropological knowledge, and has led Wissowa and
others into wrong conclusions, _e.g._ as to the Argei.
See an article criticising Wissowa in _Classical Rev._
1902, p. 211. On the whole subject of the number three
and its multiples, see Usener, "Dreizahl," in
_Rheinisches Museum_ for 1903, and Goudy, _Trichotomy in
Roman Law_ (Oxford, 1910), p. 5 foll.

[702] Livy xxvii. 51. For gratitude among Romans, see
above, p. 202. A gift of thanksgiving was sent to Delphi
(Livy xxviii. 45).

[703] _Ib._ xxix. 10 foll. For other references see
_R.F._ p. 69 foll.

[704] _Ib._ xxix. 10.

[705] Dion. Hal. ii. 19; _R.F._ p. 70.

LECTURE XV

AFTER THE HANNIBALIC WAR

The long and deadly struggle with Hannibal ended in 201 B.C., and no
sooner was peace concluded than the Senate determined on war with
Macedon. This decision is a critical moment in Roman history, for it
initiated not only a long period of advance and the eventual supremacy
of Rome in the Eastern Mediterranean, but also an age of narrow
aristocratic rule which remained unquestioned till revolution broke out
with Tiberius Gracchus. But we cannot safely deny that it was a just
decision. Hannibal was alive, and his late ally, Philip of Macedon, now
in sinister coalition with Antiochus