76
Monopolies in meat, 77
A general view, 78
Monopolies among purchasers, 78
"Corners" and monopolies, 80
Commercial exchanges and speculation, 82
Warehouse monopolies, 82
Insurance monopolies, 83
Trade monopolies artificial, 84
Their unjust acts, 85

VII. MONOPOLIES DEPENDING ON THE GOVERNMENT 87
Government monopolies in ancient times, 87
Government monopolies established for the benefit of the
people, 88
Copyrights, 88
Patents, 89
Evils arising from the patent system, 90
Monopolies based on patents, 91
The Bell telephone monopoly, 92
Government subsidies, 94
Relation of the tariff to monopolies, 95
Origin of the protective tariff, 96
The tariff a secondary cause of trusts, 98
Reductions in the tariff as a remedy for trusts, 99
Monopolies carried on directly by Government, 100.

VIII. MONOPOLIES IN THE LABOR MARKET 102
Classes of labor considered, 102
Monopolies of capital and monopolies of labor compared, 103
Locomotive engineers' strike on the Chicago, Burlington, and
Quincy Railway, 105
Effect of labor monopolies upon the people, 105
The history of labor, 107
The first trade-unions, 108
Laws against them, 109
Labor organizations from the laborer's standpoint, 110
"An injury to one the concern of all," 110
Preserving the self-respect of the laborer, 111
Repeal of u