th to
live in the statue, and each time they were repeated they renewed the
life of the king in the Other World.

II. The _Liturgy of Funerary Offerings_ was another all-important work.
The oldest form of it, which is found in the Pyramid Texts, proves that
even under the earliest dynasties the belief in the efficacy of
sacrifices and offerings was an essential of the Egyptian religion. The
opening ceremonies had for their object the purification of the deceased
by means of sprinkling with water in which salt, natron, and other
cleansing substances had been dissolved, and burning of incense. Then
followed the presentation of about one hundred and fifty offerings of
food of all kinds, fruit, flowers, vegetables, various kinds of wine,
seven kinds of precious ointments, wearing apparel of the kind suitable
for a king, &c. As each object was presented to the spirit of the king,
which was present in his statue in the Tuat Chamber of the tomb, the
priest recited a form of words, which had the effect of transmuting the
substance of the object into something which, when used or absorbed by
the king's spirit, renewed the king's life and maintained his existence
in the Other World. Every object was called the "Eye of Horus," in
allusion to its life-giving qualities. The following extracts illustrate
the Liturgy of Funerary Offerings:

32. This libation is for thee, Osiris, this libation is for thee,
Unas.[1] (_Here offer cold water of the North._) It cometh forth before
thy son, cometh forth before Horus. I have come, I have brought unto
thee the Eye of Horus, that thy heart may be refreshed thereby. I have
brought it and have set it under thy sandals, and I present unto thee
that which flowed forth from thee. There shall be no stoppage to thy
heart whilst it is with thee, and the offerings that appear at the
command[2] shall appear at thy word of command. (_Recite four times._)

[Footnote 1: The king who is identified with Osiris.]

[Footnote 2: The deceased who possessed the words of power uttered in
the tomb the names of the offerings he required, and the offerings
appeared forthwith.]

37. Thou hast taken possession of the two Eyes of Horus, the White and
the Black, and when they are in thy face they illumine it. (_Here offer
two jugs of wine, one white, one black._)

38. Day hath made an offering unto thee in the sky. The South and the
North have given offerings unto thee. Night hath made an offering unto
thee. The