r employed in the silk manufacture exceeded a million persons.
The old mill has recently become disused. Although supported by strong
wooden supports, it showed signs of falling; and it was replaced by a
larger mill, more suitable to modern requirements.

Footnotes for Chapter IV.

[1] "This was equally the case with two other trades;--those of
glass-maker and druggist, which brought no contamination upon nobility
in Venice. In a country where wealth was concentrated in the hands of
the powerful, it was no doubt highly judicious thus to encourage its
employment for objects of public advantage. A feeling, more or less
powerful, has always existed in the minds of the high-born, against the
employment of their time and wealth to purposes of commerce or
manufactures. All trades, save only that of war, seem to have been
held by them as in some sort degrading, and but little comporting with
the dignity of aristocratic blood." Cabinet Cyclopedia--Silk
Manufacture, p. 20.

[2] A Brief State of the Inland or Home Trade. (Pamphlet.) 1730.

[3] A Brief State of the Case relating to the Machine erected at Derby
for making Italian Organzine Silk, which was discovered and brought
into England with the utmost difficulty and hazard, and at the Sole
Expense of Sir Thomas Lombe. House of Commons Paper, 28th January,
1731.

[4] Self-Help, p. 205.

[5] The Trade and Navigation of Great Britain considered, p. 94.

[6] The petition sets forth the merits of the machine at Derby for
making Italian organzine silk--"a manufacture made out of fine raw
silk, by reducing it to a hard twisted fine and even thread. This silk
makes the warp, and is absolutely necessary to mix with and cover the
Turkey and other coarser silks thrown here, which are used for
Shute,--so that, without a constant supply of this fine Italian
organzine silk, very little of the said Turkey or other silks could be
used, nor could the silk weaving trade be carried on in England. This
Italian organzine (or thrown) silk has in all times past been bought
with our money, ready made (or worked) in Italy, for want of the art of
making it here. Whereas now, by making it ourselves out of fine
Italian raw silk, the nation saves near one-third part; and by what we
make out of fine China raw silk, above one-half of the price we pay for
it ready worked in Italy. The machine at Derby contains 97,746 wheels,
movements, and individual parts (which work day and night), all wh