astern Europe 3%
(FY88)
External debt:
$17 billion (June 1993 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 6.8% (FY93 est.); accounts for 11% of GDP (FY92)
Electricity:
capacity:
610,000 kW
production:
905 million kWh
consumption per capita:
40 kWh (1991)
Industries:
cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling,
shoes, petroleum refining
Agriculture:
accounts for 35% of GDP and 80% of labor force; water shortages;
two-thirds of land area suitable for raising crops and livestock;
major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic,
sheep; marginally self-sufficient in most foods
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.5 billion; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.1
billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $3.1 billion; Communist
countries (1970-89), $588 million
Currency:
1 Sudanese pound (#Sd) = 100 piastres
Exchange rates:
official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1 - 215 (January 1994),
333.3 (December 1993), 90.1 (March 1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004 (fixed
rate since 1987); note - the commercial rate is 300 (January 1994)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June

@Sudan, Communications

Railroads:
5,516 km total; 4,800 km 1.067-meter gauge, 716 km 1.6096-meter-gauge
plantation line
Highways:
total:
20,703 km
paved:
bituminous treated 2,000 km
unpaved:
gravel 4,000 km; improved earth 2,304 km; unimproved earth 12,399 km
Inland waterways:
5,310 km navigable
Pipelines:
refined products 815 km
Ports:
Port Sudan, Sawakin
Merchant marine:
10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 89,842 GRT/122,379 DWT, cargo 8,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 2
Airports:
total:
70
usable:
58
with permanent-surface runways:
9
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
7
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
29
Telecommunications:
large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate
and poorly maintained by modern standards; consists of microwave radio
relay, cable, radio communications, troposcatter, and a domestic
satellite system with 14 stations; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 3 TV;
satellite earth stations for international traffic - 1 Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT and 1 ARABSAT

@Sudan, Defense Forces

Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 6,640,123; fit for military ser