Japan
External debt:
$6.1 billion (year-end 1993 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7% (1993 est.); accounts for about 9% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
1,584,000 kW
production:
4.36 trillion kWh
consumption per capita:
720 kWh (1992)
Industries:
manufacturing and construction activities, petroleum refining,
brewing, cement and other construction material, sugar milling
Agriculture:
accounts for 10% of GDP (1992 est.), 27% of labor force (1992); crops
- bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; livestock; fishing; importer
of food grain, vegetables
Illicit drugs:
major cocaine transshipment point and drug money laundering center
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $516 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $582
million; Communist countries (1970-89), $4 million
Currency:
1 balboa (B) = 100 centesimos
Exchange rates:
balboas (B) per US$1 - 1.000 (fixed rate)
Fiscal year:
calendar year

@Panama, Communications

Railroads:
238 km total; 78 km 1.524-meter gauge, 160 km 0.914-meter gauge
Highways:
total:
8,530 km
paved:
2,745 km
unpaved:
gravel, crushed stone 3,270 km; improved, unimproved earth 2,515 km
Inland waterways:
800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal
Pipelines:
crude oil 130 km
Ports:
Cristobal, Balboa, Colon
Merchant marine:
3,405 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 56,011,824 GRT/89,516,566
DWT, barge carrier 1, bulk 717, cargo 1,110, chemical tanker 181,
combination bulk 31, combination ore/oil 24, container 215, liquefied
gas 127, livestock carrier 9, multifunction large-load carrier 5, oil
tanker 437, passenger 22, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 287,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 67, short-sea passenger 30, specialized tanker
10, vehicle carrier 129
note:
all but 30 are foreign owned and operated; the top 4 foreign owners
are Japan 34%, Greece 8%, Hong Kong 7%, and Taiwan 5%; other foreign
owners include China at least 144 ships, Vietnam 3, Croatia 6, Cuba 4,
Cyprus 4, and Russia 41
Airports:
total:
118
usable:
109
with permanent-surface runways:
38
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
2
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
15
Telecommunications:
domestic and international facilities well developed; connection into
Central American Microwave System; 220,000 telephones; broad