the South toward them. They do not understand why they
have not been educated to efficiency and employed to the best
interest of the South. They do not understand why they have
not been given better living conditions, a more equitable
division of funds appropriated for the education of the youth,
nor provisions made for their higher or professional training,
or why so much prejudice is engendered in the practice
of these professions among their own people. They do not
understand why they have been made to toil at starvation wages
and to pay heavy fines and suffer long prison sentences for
stealing food and clothing. They do not understand why no
estimate is placed upon negro virtue and the full rights of
citizenship are denied to negroes of education, character and
worth. If some mysterious _Providence_ has ordained that
they support themselves and employers by farming, they do not
understand why they are deprived of agricultural schools.
They do not see why mere prejudice would prevent them from
obtaining a square deal when contending for the possessions
of life, liberty and property. They do not understand why they
are not protected from petty peace officers in search of
fees and from mobs while in the hands of officers of the law.
Finally, they do not understand why there is so little genuine
sympathy and brotherhood between them and the only people they
know--the people whose language and customs they use, under
whose laws they live, whose Bible they read, whose God they
serve. These thoughts possessed the negroes' mind when, twelve
months ago, the boll weevil and rains destroyed the crops in
the South and the European war was calling foreigners from
field and factory in the North.[30]

One should bear in mind that the two generations of negroes living in
the South are affected differently by the measures of control of the
whites, and in many cases respond differently to treatment received.
The older generation of whites and blacks avoided much friction by
a sort of mutual understanding. The children of colored and white
parents come less frequently into friendly contact and find it
difficult to live together on the terms accepted by their fathers.
Negro parents appreciate this situation but, although admitting that
they can tolerate the position to which they are assigned, they do not
welcome such an ar