findings
may be quoted: "The great mass of workers get higher wages here than
in the places from which they come. Fifty-six per cent received less
than two dollars a day in the South, while only five per cent received
such wages in Pittsburgh." Sixty-two per cent received between $2 and
$3 per day in Pittsburgh as compared with 25 per cent in the South,
and 28 per cent received between $3 and $3.60 in this city as compared
with four per cent in the South.

The inability to educate their children properly because of the
inadequacy of school facilities was another cause which has been
universally given for leaving the South.[22] The basis for this
frequently voiced complaint is well set forth in the study of _Negro
Education_ by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones.[23]

The inadequacy of the elementary school system for colored
children is indicated both by the comparisons of public
appropriations already given and by the fact that the
attendance in both public and private schools is only 58.1 per
cent of the children six to fourteen years of age. The average
length of the public school term is less than five months in
practically all of the southern States. Most of the school
buildings, especially those in the rural districts, are in
wretched condition. There is little supervision and little
effort to improve the schools or adapt their efforts to the
needs of the community. The reports of the State Departments
of Georgia and Alabama indicate that 70 per cent of the
colored teachers have third grade or temporary certificates,
representing a preparation less than that usually given in
the first eight elementary grades. Investigations made by
supervisors of colored schools in other States indicate that
the percentage of poorly prepared colored teachers is almost
as high in the other southern States.

The supervisor of white elementary rural schools in one of the
States recently wrote concerning negro schools: "I never
visit one of these (negro) schools without feeling that we are
wasting a large part of this money and are neglecting a great
opportunity. The negro schoolhouses are miserable beyond all
description. They are usually without comfort, equipment,
proper lighting or sanitation. Nearly all of the negroes of
school age in the district are crowded into these miserable
structures during the short term which the school r