production which was admirably adapted
to the old south will not answer for the new south. Under the old
institution of slavery they raised a few leading crops, cotton,
rice, sugar and tobacco--but not much else. Why? Because these
articles could be raised by the labor of slaves.

"Now, in the new south, it is manifest that the chief sources of
wealth and prosperity lie in the development of their natural
resources, in the production of coal and iron and other minerals
and phosphates, and in the manufacture of cotton and other textile
fabrics, and in the development of railroads and other means of
communication. In other words, they will find it to their interest
to adopt and compete with the north in all its industries and
employments. That this can be successfully done is shown in Alabama,
Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia. All the states
touching on the Alleghany range have facilities for varied manufactures
fully equal to any of the northern states, and with some advantages
as to climate and labor. A diversity of production will be wealth
to the south, break down its exclusion, open its doors to immigration,
and assimilate its institutions with those of the north.

"The north is ready for this competition. Although the south will
probably deprive us of some of the markets we now have, yet no man
in the north will complain; but, on the contrary, we have in the
north millions of dollars in capital to invest, and millions of
hardy men to work north or south, wherever they can get fair wages
for a fair day's work. When this competition comes we will have
a diversity of industry, and a country rich in developed as well
as in undeveloped resources. This is the second great want of the
new south which I trust their able men may bring about; and Governor
Brown is one of their leaders, and has seen that this is the road
not only for the improvement of his section, but for the betterment
of his fortune.

"There is one other thing I wish to say in regard to the south.
That is, that it must mainly work out its own salvation. That is
one of the last things that we in the north have found out. We
have striven in various ways to assist the south in managing their
local affairs; and I must confess that although I participated in
that kind of business I am afraid it did not turn out very well.
The north cannot rule the south any more than England can rule
Ireland, or Europe can govern Greece and Turkey.