arly Britain, 123, 168;
disorders and oppositions, 124;
enemies of, 127;
its eclipse, 130;
code of, 139;
reforms of, and military types, 173, 197;
decline of, in the Middle Ages, 173, 179;
Benedict of Aniane tries to reform, 176;
in England, in Middle Ages, 180;
failure of reforms, 196, 207;
its moral dualism, 205;
its recuperative power, 205;
in the thirteenth century, 206;
new features of, 244;
popes demand reforms in, 286;
attacked by governments, 287;
Hill on fall of, in England, 345;
a fetter on progress, 347;
alms-giving and, 348;
age of, compared to modern times, 351.
Monasticism, Causes and Ideals of, 354;
causative motives, 355;
the desire for salvation, 356;
quotations on the ideal, 129, 173, 174, 357, 358, 360;
nothing gained by return to ideal, 352;
motive for endowments, 361;
the love of solitude, 362;
various motives, 364;
beliefs affecting the causative motives, 365;
Gnostic teachings, 366;
effect of the social condition of Roman Empire, 367;
the flight from the world, 368;
causes of variations in types, 371;
East and West compared, 371;
effect of political changes, 372;
the Crusades, 373;
effect of feudalism, 373;
effect of the intellectual awakening, 374;
the Modern Age and the Jesuits, 374;
the fundamental vows, 375.
Monasticism, Effects of, 386;
the good and evil of, 387;
variety of opinions respecting, 387;
the diversity of facts, 389;
elements of truth and worth, 390;
effects of self-sacrifice, 390, of solitude, 393;
the monks as missionaries, 398;
civic duties, 399;
upon civilization, 401;
upon agriculture, 403;
upon secular learning, 405;
the charity of monks, 410;
upon religion, 412, 413;
the sense of sin, 414;
the atonement for sin, 417;
the distinction between the secular and the religious, 418;
monasticism and Christianity, 420;
old monastic methods forsaken, 421;
summary of effects, 423.
Monastic Orders, the usual history of, 174.
_See_ Benedict, Order of St., Franciscans, etc.
Monks, not peculiar to Christianity, 17;
Jerome on habits of, 36;
in Egypt, 44;
Pachomian, 58;
number of Eastern, 63;
under Basil, 63;
character of Eastern, 67, 69;
as theological fighters, 68;
Hypatia and the, 68;
in the desert of Chalcis, 87;
in early Rome, 96;
motives of early, 106, 128;
of Augustine, 118; under
Martin of Tours, 120;
opposit