rd cataract, in boats not drawing more than three feet of water,
by the aid of all the male population on its shores, who, by the aid of
ropes, dragged up nine boats, which arrived in Berber before the Pasha
commenced his march for Sennaar. They were fifty-seven days in getting
from the island of Kendi to Berber. Every one of them was repeatedly
damaged in getting through the passages.]

[Footnote 29: I have been informed that, previous to the advance of
the Pasha Ismael from Wady Halfa, deputies from the chiefs of Shageia
arrived in the camp to demand of the Pasha, "for what reason he menaced
them with war?" The Pasha replied, "because you are robbers, who live
by disturbing and pillaging all the countries around your own." They
replied, "that they had no other means to live." The Pasha answered,
"cultivate your land, and live honestly." They replied with great
naivete, "we have been bred up to live and prosper by what you call
robbery; we will not work, and cannot change our manner of living," The
Pasha replied, "I will make you change it."]

[Footnote 30: The number of the old Mamalukes of Egypt was reduced, at
the time of our arrival in Berber, to less than one hundred persons.
They had, however, some hundreds of blacks, whom they had trained up in
their discipline.]

[Footnote 31: I am happy to add that these relics of the renowned
cavalry of Egypt are now residing there in ease and in honor; the
promises of the Pasha Ismael having been fulfilled by his father to the
letter.]

[Footnote 32: It is a singular circumstance, that the chiefs of Dongola,
Shageia, Berber, Shendi, and Halfya; should bear the same title as used
in the Hebrew bible, to designate the petty sovereigns of Canaan.]

[Footnote 33: The Shageia cavalry, however, wore these cloths cut and
made into long shirts, in order, probably, to have the freer management
of their lances, shields, and broad swords. It should also be stated,
that the Maleks or chiefs of the Upper Nile, were generally habited in
fine blue or white shirts, brought from Egypt.]

[Footnote 34: The same circumstance of dress is common also among
the peasants of both sexes of Dongola, Shageia, and along the third
cataract, with this addition, that they not only anoint the head, but
also the whole body with butter, they say it protects them from the
heat; that employed by the personages of consideration is perfumed.
Every Malek has a servant charged with the particular care of a b