tae_, _S. salicifolia_, _S. semperflorens_, _S.
tomentosa_, and many of their varieties and hybrids. The remaining
Spiraeas should be kept thinned out, and if any are making strong young
breaks from the lower part of the plant they can be cut back to them
after flowering.

STACHYURUS.--This should be thinned out after flowering.

STAPHYLEA.--_S. pinnata_ should be kept thinned in late summer; _S.
colchica_ and _S. Coulombieri_ require very little pruning, but if too
tall or unshapely should be cut back immediately after flowering.

STUARTIA } Require no pruning.
STYRAX }

SUAEDA.--Cut back occasionally to keep it from getting ragged.

SYMPHORICARPUS.--Keep these well thinned out, which should be done in
late summer.

SYRINGA (Lilac).--these should be kept free of suckers, especially the
finer-named kinds, which are usually worked on stocks of the Common
Lilac. In addition, disbudding may be practised with advantage in the
spring, removing the majority of the blind shoots and any flowering or
leading shoots that are misplaced or not required. This should be done
twice or thrice at intervals of ten days or a fortnight.

TAMARIX.--Cut back in a young state, but when older they should not be
pruned at all.

VACCINIUM.--The removal of any old or rough wood is sufficient for
these.

VIBURNUM.--All the Viburnums grow thickly, and require an annual
thinning.

VITIS.--The methods practised in growing Vines for fruit suit the
ornamental species as well. If space is restricted they should be grown
on the spur system, and if there is plenty of room then the extension
system may be employed.

WISTARIA.--These should be kept spurred in, with the exception of the
leading shoots, which merely require a shortening in early spring
according to the strength of the plant.

XANTHOCERAS.--Requires no pruning.

ZENOBIA.--These require no pruning as a rule, but occasionally a hard
cutting back will induce healthy growth in place of a weakly one.

THINNING.--It will be gathered from these notes that thinning out only
is needful in many cases. If judicious thinning were more practised
English gardens would be more beautiful. It promotes internal growth and
a wealth of flowers.

Pruning is frequently carelessly and ignorantly done, and this applies
especially to forest trees. There are certain tools that may be used for
the purpose. Under ordinary circumstances only a few are necessary, and
these should always be of the b