_Army
Reform_ (1898) and, with Mr Spenser Wilkinson, _Imperial Defence_
(1892). On colonial questions he wrote with equal authority. His
_Greater Britain_ (2 vols., 1866-1867) reached a fourth edition in 1868,
and was followed by _Problems of Greater Britain_ (2 vols., 1890) and
_The British Empire_ (1899). He was twice married, his second wife (nee
Emilia Frances Strong), the widow of Mark Pattison, being an
accomplished art critic and collector. She died in 1904. The most
important of her books were the studies on _French Painters of the
Eighteenth Century_ (1899) and three subsequent volumes on the
architects and sculptors, furniture and decoration, engravers and
draughtsmen of the same period, the last of which appeared in 1902. A
posthumous volume, _The Book of the Spiritual Life_ (1905), contains a
memoir of her by Sir Charles Dilke.

[Illustration: Dill (_Anethum_ or _Peucedanum graveolens_), leaf and
inflorescence.]

DILL (_Anethum_ or _Peucedanum graveolens_), a member of the natural
botanical order Umbelliferae, indigenous to the south of Europe, Egypt
and the Cape of Good Hope. It resembles fennel in appearance. Its root
is long and fusiform; the stem is round, jointed and about a yard high;
the leaves have fragrant leaflets; and the fruits are brown, oval and
concavo-convex. The plant flowers from June till August in England. The
seeds are sown, preferably as soon as ripe, either broadcast or in
drills between 6 and 12 in. asunder. The young plants should be thinned
when 3 or 4 weeks old, so as to be at distances of about 10 in. A
sheltered spot and dry soil are needed for the production of the seed in
the climate of England. The leaves of the dill are used in soups and
sauces, and, as well as the umbels, for flavouring pickles. The seeds
are employed for the preparation of dill-water and oil of dill; they are
largely consumed in the manufacture of gin, and, when ground, are eaten
in the East as a condiment. The British Pharmacopoeia contains the Aqua
Anethi or dill-water (dose 1-2 oz.), and the Oleum Anethi, almost
identical in composition with caraway oil, and given in doses of 1/2-3
minims. Dill-water is largely used as a carminative for children, and as
a vehicle for the exhibition of nauseous drugs.

DILLEN [DILLENIUS], JOHANN JAKOB (1684-1747), English botanist, was born
at Darmstadt in 1684, and was educated at the university of Giessen,
where he wrote several botanical papers for the