een the two diseases, and also to
distinguish between chicken-pox and the milder variety of small-pox
which is sometimes observed in children who have been already
vaccinated.

=Measles= is a disease with which almost everyone is familiar, and one
which with proper care is not generally attended with danger. Its great
risks are twofold; first, that of its being complicated with bronchitis,
or inflammation of the lungs during its progress, and next of its being
followed by an imperfect recovery, and by the awakening into activity
any tendency to scrofulous or consumptive disease. On these two accounts
the disease is not to be made light of, and special watchfulness is to
be exercised during the whole time of convalescence. It is also unwise
when one child in a family is attacked by measles to expose the others,
as is often done, to its contagion, in order, as people say, 'to get it
over;' for its mildness in one case furnishes no guarantee of its
mildness in another, and the danger of the disease is almost in exact
proportion to the tender age of those who are attacked by it.

The early symptoms of measles are those of a bad feverish cold; the eyes
grow red, weak, and watery, and are unable to bear the light, the child
sneezes very frequently, sometimes almost every five minutes, and is
troubled by a constant short dry cough. About the fourth day, a rash
makes its appearance on the face, forehead, and behind the ears, and in
the course of the next forty-eight hours travels downwards over the body
and limbs, and then in another forty-eight hours it fades in the same
way, being at its height on the body when it has already begun to
disappear from the face. It first shows itself in the form of small red
circular spots, not unlike fleabites, but very slightly raised above the
somewhat reddened skin, and looking for a few hours not unlike the very
early stages of small-pox, before the eruption has lost the character of
minute pimples. On the face the spots sometimes run together, and then
form irregular blotches about a third of an inch long by half that
breadth; while elsewhere they present an irregular crescentic
arrangement. As the rash fades it puts on a dirty yellowish red
appearance; the surface of the skin often becomes slightly scurfy, and
it continues somewhat stained of a reddish hue for some days after the
eruption has disappeared.

The only other point on which it is necessary to dwell is this, that the
symptom