art and respiration; paralyzes the minute blood-vessels;
disturbs the regularity of nervous action; lowers the animal
temperature, and lessens the muscular power.

"Such, independent of any prejudice of party or influence of
sentiment, are the unanswerable teachings of the sternest of all
evidences, the evidences of experiment, of natural fact revealed
to man by testing of natural phenomena."

When Dr. Richardson reported to the Association for the Advancement of
Science the results of his researches so at variance with commonly
accepted ideas, the Association was as incredulous as the American
Medical Association had been in 1851 when Dr. Davis gave a similar
report, and Dr. Richardson's paper was returned to him for correction.

It should be stated here that Dr. Richardson was not a total abstainer
when he began his study of the effects of alcohol, but became an ardent
and enthusiastic advocate of total abstinence, and later of
non-alcoholic medication, because of what he learned by his experiments
with this drug. He was the first to suggest that scientific temperance
be taught in the public schools, and he prepared the first text-book
ever published for this purpose. In 1874 he delivered his famous "Cantor
Lectures on Alcohol," by request of the Society of Arts. This series of
lectures created a sensation, being attended by crowds of people, as it
was the first time that any physician of eminence had spoken from
experimental evidence in favor of total abstinence.

The agitation begotten in medical circles by the discussion of Dr.
Richardson's researches upon alcohol led to extensive experimenting upon
the same line by scientists of England, Continental Europe and America.
The efforts of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the
United States, led by that intrepid woman, Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, to
introduce scientific temperance instruction into public schools gave
impetus to the study in this country. The call for text-books caused
publishers to request professors in medical colleges to make minute
research into the nature and effects of alcohol, that the demands of the
new educational law might be met. The bitter opposition to these
temperance education laws was a great stimulant to the scientific study
of alcohol, for it was hoped by many that the teachings regarding the
deleterious effects of alcohol might be proved incorrect. Unfortunately
for the lovers of the bibulous, the pro