one eighth of the original amount, the free hydrochloric acid
remaining at zero. Thus it appears that four ounces of claret
produced marked hypopepsia in a case of moderate hyperpepsia,
whereas two ounces of brandy produced practically apepsia."

FAINTING OR SYNCOPE:--The following letter from the late Sir B. W.
Richardson was addressed to a lady who had sought the great physician's
advice on the subject:--

"25 Manchester Square, W., July 18, 1896.

"DEAR MADAM: There is no substance which acts as a substitute
for alcohol, nor is anything like it wanted. The human body is a
water engine, as I have often described it, and alcohol plays no
part in its natural motion. The idea that when it begins to
fail, a stimulant has to be called for, springs merely from
habit, and if, whenever any of the symptoms of fainting you
speak of occur, the person merely lies down on the side or back
and drinks a glass of hot water, or hot milk and water, all that
can be done is done. In the London Temperance Hospital I have
been treating the sick for diseases of all kinds and during all
stages, and have never administered a minim of alcohol, or any
substitute for it, and we have got on better than when
I--feeling it at all times at command--made use of it in the
ordinary way.

"I am, dear Madam, faithfully yours,
"B. W. RICHARDSON."

TREATMENT:--"Lay the patient down in a current of air with the
feet raised higher than the head, preferably on one side in case
of sickness occurring, or bend the head down to the knees, to
restore the flow of blood to the brain. Loosen all clothing. Rub
the limbs, chest and over the heart with the hand or a rough
towel. Sprinkle cold water on the head and face. Smell ammonia,
strong vinegar, smelling salts or any pungent odor. Put hot
bottles to the feet, and in severe cases a mustard plaster over
the heart. Sip hot milk, hot water, hot tea, hot black coffee,
beef tea or a meat essence. Crowding round the patient and all
excitement should be avoided. In 999 cases out of 1,000, no
medicine is necessary.

"Faintness often proceeds from indigestion, flatulence inducing
pressure on the heart."

FAINTNESS, WEAKNESS, EXHAUSTION, FATIGUE:--"The truth is that
for simple weakness, faintness, exhaustion, fatigue, cold or
wet, the best