cy of
Ohio is addressed in terms "to the people of all the States, North
and South," and in fact was sent, I am informed, to the governors
of all the States.

In the South, Union men were laboring by every means in their power
to prevent secession. Their most cogent argument was that the
National government would defend itself by war against rebellion.
To this, the rebel reply was, "There will be no war. Secession will
be peaceable. The peace party of the North will prevent coercion.
If there is fighting, it will be as Ex-President Pierce writes to
Jefferson Davis, 'The fighting will not be along Mason and Dixon's
line merely. It will be within our own borders, in our own
streets.'"

For the evidence of the correctness of this opinion, the rebels
could point confidently to such speeches and resolutions as those
we are now considering. Governor Orr, of South Carolina, in a
recent speech at the Charleston Board of Trade banquet, is reported
to have said:

"I know there is an apprehension widespread in the North and West
that, after the reconstruction of the Southern States, we shall
fall into the arms of our old allies and associates, the old
Democratic party. I say to you, gentlemen, however, that I would
give no such pledges. We have accounts to settle with that party,
gentlemen, before I, at least, will consent to affiliate with it.
Many of you will remember that, when the war first commenced, great
hopes and expectations were held out by our friends in the North
and West that there would be no war, and that if it commenced, it
would be North of Mason and Dixon's line, and not in the South."

Without pausing to inquire how much strength accrued to the
rebellion in its earlier stages by the encouragement it received
from sympathizers in the North, let us pass on to the spring and
summer of 1861, after the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter,
and when the armies of the Union and of the rebellion were facing
each other upon a line of operations extending from the Potomac to
the Rio Grande. The most superficial observer could not fail to
discover these facts.

In the South, where slavery was strongest, the rebellion was
strongest. Where there were few slaveholders, there were few
rebels. South Carolina and Mississippi, having