to exist at Ripon and Hexham, together with the
tower of the church of St. Benedict's, Lincoln, have been inspected by the
author; and the illustrations of this chapter are, with three exceptions,
from his sketches made on the spot. Of the remaining three vignettes, two
are from drawings made whilst the author was present, and one only, viz.
that of the crypt beneath the chancel of Repton Church, has been reduced
from a larger engraving. Besides the churches which have been referred to,
several others which have not been visited by the author exhibit vestiges,
more or less, of presumed Anglo-Saxon work. Of such churches the following
is a list, and, with those mentioned in the chapter, constitute all which
have yet come under his notice:

Caversfield, Oxfordshire. Church Stretton, Salop. Trinity Church,
Colchester. Deerhurst, Gloucestershire. Daglinworth, Gloucestershire.
Jarrow, Durham. Laughton-en-le-Morthen, Yorkshire. Kirkdale, Yorkshire.
Monkswearmouth, Durham. Ropsley, Lincolnshire. Stoke D'Abernon, Surrey.
Wittingham, Yorkshire.

Of these, seven are noticed by Mr. Rickman.

[Illustration: Norman Chancel, Darent Church, Kent.]

CHAPTER IV.

OF THE NORMAN OR ANGLO-NORMAN STYLE.

Q. To what era may we assign the introduction of the Anglo-Norman style?

A. To the reign of Edward the Confessor, since that monarch is recorded by
the historians, Matthew Paris and William of Malmesbury, to have rebuilt
(A. D. 1065) the Abbey Church at Westminster in a new style of
architectural design, which furnished an example afterwards followed by
many in the construction of churches.[52-*]

Q. Is any portion of the structure erected by Edward the Confessor
remaining?

A. A crypt of early Norman work under the present edifice or buildings
attached to it is supposed to have been part of the church constructed by
that monarch.

Q. During what period of time did this style prevail?

A. From about A. D. 1065 to the close of the twelfth century.

Q. By what means are we to distinguish this style from the styles of a
later period?

A. It is distinguished without difficulty by its semicircular arches, its
massive piers, which are generally square or cylindrical, though sometimes
multangular in form, and from numerous ornamental details and mouldings
peculiar to the style.

Q. What part of the original building has generally been preserved in
those churches that were built by the Normans, when all the rest has been