ame ashore at Portliskey in Wales,
bottom up and shattered; of the seven men who had manned her there was
no trace. Six of _Cottingham's_ crew survived the bitter weather--six
hardy seamen were spared to return to service afloat. The German became
dissatisfied with a frightfulness that murdered only half a merchant
ship's crew when it was possible to murder all. It was not enough to
destroy the ships and leave the seamen to the wind and sea and bitter
weather. If they were not to be driven from their calling by fear, there
were other measures--sure, definite, final. There was to be no weakness
among the apostles of the new creed, no shrinking, no humanity--British
seamen were to follow their shattered ships to the litter of the channel
bottom. The _Koelnische Zeitung_ set forth that "in future, our German
submarines and aircraft would wage war against British mercantile
vessels without troubling themselves in any way about the fate of the
crews." The _Koelnische Zeitung_ could not have been well informed. Their
submarine commanders troubled themselves greatly about the fate of our
crews. They shelled the boats in many subsequent attacks. They expended
ammunition in efforts to secure that no further seafaring would be
possible to their victims. Sheer individual murder took the place of an
illegal act of war. ". . . We were unarmed, a slow ship. The submarine
hit us with a shot on the bow and then ran up the signal to take to the
lifeboats. We did so, and several shots were fired at the _Palermo_.
They did not take effect, however, and a torpedo was sent into her side.
She sank within a few minutes. Whether the fact that he had to use a
torpedo to send our vessel to the bottom angered the commander I do not
know, but the submarine came directly alongside of our lifeboats. The
commander was on the deck, and yelled, 'Where is the captain of that
ship?' The captain stood up and made his way to the side where the
German was standing. The German held his revolver close to our captain's
head. 'You will never bring _another ship across this ocean_,' he said,
using several oaths, then he pulled the trigger. Our captain fell dead,
and we were permitted to continue."

The new campaign was directed particularly against the coasters and
fishermen. The procedure was simple. No great speed or gun-range was
required. There was no risk, if a good look-out was kept for patrols and
war craft. The helpless, unarmed vessel, outsped and hulled