es. He was distinguished for his strength and his handsome
person, for the wisdom of his sayings, the acuteness of his riddles and
the beauty of his lyric poetry. Diogenes Laertius quotes a letter in
which Cleobulus invites Solon to take refuge with him against
Peisistratus; and this would imply that he was alive in 560 B.C. He is
said to have held advanced views as to female education, and he was the
father of the wise Cleobuline, whose riddles were not less famous than
his own (Diogenes Laertius i. 89-93).

See F.G. Mullach, _Fragmenta Philosophorum Graecorum_, i.

CLEOMENES ([Greek: Kleomenes]), the name of three Spartan kings of the
Agiad line.

CLEOMENES I. was the son of Anaxandridas, whom he succeeded about 520
B.C. His chief exploit was his crushing victory near Tiryns over the
Argives, some 6000 of whom he burned to death in a sacred grove to which
they had fled for refuge (Herodotus vi. 76-82). This secured for Sparta
the undisputed hegemony of the Peloponnese. Cleomenes' interposition in
the politics of central Greece was less successful. In 510 he marched to
Athens with a Spartan force to aid in expelling the Peisistratidae, and
subsequently returned to support the oligarchical party, led by
Isagoras, against Cleisthenes (q.v.). He expelled seven hundred families
and transferred the government from the council to three hundred of the
oligarchs, but being blockaded in the Acropolis he was forced to
capitulate. On his return home he collected a large force with the
intention of making Isagoras despot of Athens, but the opposition of
the Corinthian allies and of his colleague Demaratus caused the
expedition to break up after reaching Eleusis (Herod. v. 64-76;
Aristotle, _Ath. Pol._ 19, 20). In 491 he went to Aegina to punish the
island for its submission to Darius, but the intrigues of his colleague
once again rendered his mission abortive. In revenge Cleomenes accused
Demaratus of illegitimacy and secured his deposition in favour of
Leotychides (Herod. vi. 50-73). But when it was discovered that he had
bribed the Delphian priestess to substantiate his charge he was himself
obliged to flee; he went first to Thessaly and then to Arcadia, where he
attempted to foment an anti-Spartan rising. About 488 B.C. he was
recalled, but shortly afterwards, in a fit of madness, he committed
suicide (Herod. vi. 74, 75). Cleomenes seems to have received scant
justice at the hands of Herodotus or his informants, and