ver
shrinkage, and cost of freight, yardage, food, bedding and commission.
It is possible for an owner to sell his own live stock in these yards,
but the commission man, because of his superior knowledge of existing
trade conditions, is almost universally employed. Firms which handle
cattle, sheep and hogs seldom sell horses. Although handled by
different commission firms, important horse markets are maintained at
Chicago and Buffalo immediately adjacent to the market for meat
animals. In New York the horse markets are in a different section of
the city, that for draft and common work horses on one street, while
the American Horse Exchange, located at another point, handles
high-class light horses. The usual custom is to sell horses at
auction, although they may be purchased at private treaty. In whatever
manner purchased, it is essential to understand precisely the
character of the guarantee.

COTTON, WOOL AND TOBACCO MARKETS

Because of their higher value per pound and the ease with which they
can be stored, cotton, wool and tobacco are dealt in somewhat
differently than other farm products. The two great cotton exchanges
are located at New Orleans and New York, the quotations on these
markets controlling the financial transactions in cotton throughout the
world. The principal wool markets are Boston, New York, Philadelphia
and St. Louis. The principal tobacco markets are at Richmond and
Danville, Va., Durham, N. C., and Louisville, Ky.

[Illustration: Mr. C. W. Wald, graduate of the Ohio State University,
farmer, formerly assistant horticulturist of the New Hampshire and Ohio
Experiment Stations, is shown above in one of the New Carlisle (Ohio)
greenhouses, in which three crops of lettuce occur in one bed. One crop
is ready to cut, another planted and a third in pots between the other
plants, to be planted in another bed when large enough. The net returns
from a quarter of an acre under glass has been greater than from 160
acres devoted to general farm crops.]

[Illustration: C. W. Zuck & Sons, Erie, Pa. One son was a student in
agriculture at the Pennsylvania State College. Father and three sons,
beginning six years ago with a run-down farm of 55 acres, have built an
acre of glass and a heating plant of 260 horsepower. During the period
they have spent $5,000 on the place and at the end of season they will
have very nearly cleared their improvements. "Tell the youthful
readers of your book to