rest.
And do you know, Bill, no matter how oppressed I am, just as soon as I
round Sandy Hook and get out of sight of land, I get perfect relief."
And Bill answered, "And, O Lord, just think of the relief we all get,"
and everybody roared, Andy loudest of all. And the last thing that Andy
did before sailing was to raise Bill's salary just ten thousand dollars
a year.

Mr. Carnegie has always liked men who are not afraid of him; and when
one of his workers could convince him that he--the worker--knew more
about some particular phase of the business than Mr. Carnegie, that man
was richly rewarded. Mr. Carnegie has ever been on friendly terms with
his men.

And had he been in America when the Homestead labor trouble arose, there
would have been no strike. He is firm when he should be, but he is
always friendly. He is wise enough and big enough to give in a point.
Like Lincoln, he likes to let people have their own way. He manages
them, if need be, by indirection, rather than by formal edict, order and
injunction.

* * * * *

Barbaric folk prize gold and make much use of silver. But the
consumption of iron is the badge of civilization. Iron rails, iron
steamboats, iron buildings! And who was there thirty years ago who
foresaw the modern sky-scraper, any more than a hundred years ago men
foretold the iron steamship!

The business of Andrew Carnegie has been to couple the iron-mines of
Lake Superior with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania. And to load the ore
at Duluth and transport it to Pittsburgh, a thousand miles away, and
transform it into steel rails, was a matter of ten days. When the
Carnegie Steel Company was reconstructed in Nineteen Hundred, it was
with no intention of selling out. It was the biggest, best-organized
business concern in America, with possibly one exception. Its capital
was one hundred million dollars. It owned the Homestead, the Edgar
Thomson and the Duquesne Mills. Besides these, it owned seven other
smaller mills.

It owned thousands of acres of ore-land in the Lake Superior country. It
owned a line of iron steamships that carried the ore to the Pittsburgh
railroad connections. It owned the railroads that brought the ore from
the mines to the docks, and it owned the docks. It owned vast coalmines
in Pennsylvania, and it owned a controlling interest in the Connellville
coke-ovens, whence five miles of freight-cars, in fair times, were
daily sent to the mills, lo