Lt. Gen. James M., U.S. Army (retired), speech to the
American Rocket Society, New York City, Nov. 19, 1958.

[3] Kramer, Max O., "The Dolphins' Secret," New Scientist, May 5, 1960,
pp. 1118-1120.

[4] Bikerman, Dr. Jacob J., reported in New Scientist, Mar. 3, 1960, p.
535.

[5] "Introduction to Outer Space," a statement by the President, the
White House, Mar. 26, 1958.

[6] Clarke, Arthur C., "The Challenge of the Spaceships," Harper &
Bros., New York, 1955, p. 15.

[7] Related by T. Keith Glennan, Administrator, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, in an address before the Worcester (Mass.)
Economic Club, Feb. 15, 1960.

II. NATIONAL SECURITY VALUES

There is no longer doubt that space exploration holds genuine
significance for the security and well-being of the United States as a
nation.

It does so in at least three ways. One results from the uses which our
Armed Forces can make of the knowledge gained from space exploration. A
second results from the influence and prestige which America can exert
within the world community because of her prowess in space exploration.
A third results from the possibility that space exploration, eventually,
may prove so immense and important a challenge that it will channel the
prime energies of powerful nations toward its own end and thus reduce
the current emphasis on developing means of destruction.

The first two values definitely exist. The third seems to be a
reasonable hope.

THE MILITARY USES

From the beginning it has been recognized that space exploration, the
research connected therewith, and the ability to operate therein is of
more than passing interest to the military.

Congress recognized the fact when it passed the National Aeronautics and
Space Act of 1958 and directed that "activities peculiar to or primarily
associated with the development of weapons systems, military operations,
or the defense of the United States * * * shall be the responsibility
of, and shall be directed by, the Department of Defense."[8] In the
amendments to the Space Act proposed in 1960, this directive was
strengthened: "The Department of Defense shall undertake such activities
in space, and such research and development connected therewith, as may
be necessary for the defense of the United States."[9]

It is possible to argue, and indeed it has been argued, that ballistic
missiles such as IRBM's and ICBM's are not really "space" weapons, that
they are s