s
usually called, rosin.

In Liverpool almost all the spirits of turpentine comes from America,
so that it is almost impossible to get a sample of French.

The terpene from American turpentine is called austraterebenthene. It
possesses dextro-rotatory polarization of +21.5. Its density is 0.864.
Boiling point 156 deg. C.

In taking the boiling point of a commercial sample of spirits it is
necessary to wait until the thermometer becomes steady. Not more than
5 per cent. should pass over before this takes place, and then there
is not more than two or three degrees of rise until almost all is
distilled over.

The liquids of lower boiling point do not appear to have been much
studied. In French spirits they seem to be of the same composition as
the main product, but with more action on polarized light.

French spirits of turpentine is mainly composed of terebenthene. The
boiling point and sp. gr. are the same as those of the austraterebenthene,
but the polarization is left handed and amounts to -40.5.

Isomeric modifications. Heated to 300 deg. C. in a sealed tube for two
hours, it becomes an isomeric compound, boiling at 175 deg. C., while the
density is lowered, being only 0.8586 at 0 deg. C. The rotatory power is
only -9 deg.. It oxidizes much more rapidly. It is called isoterebenthene
and has a smell of essential oil of lemons.

By the action of a small quantity of sulphuric acid, among other
products terebene is formed. It has the same boiling point and sp. gr.
as terebenthene, but is without action on polarized light.
Austraterebenthene forms similar if not identical bodies.

Polymers. One part of boron fluoride BF3 instantly converts 160
parts of terebenthene into polymers boiling above 300 deg. C., and
optically inactive. H2 SO4 does the same on heating and forms
diterebene C20 H32.

Terchloride of antimony does the same, and also produces tetraterebene
C40H64, a solid brittle compound formed by the union of four
molecules of C10 H16. It does not boil below 350 deg. C. and
decomposes on heating.

Compound with H2O. Terpin C10 H18 2HO is formed when 1 volume
of spirits of turpentine is mixed with 6 of nitric acid and 1 of
alcohol, and exposed to air for some weeks. Crystals are formed which
are pressed, decolorized by animal charcoal, and recrystallized from
boiling water.

Compounds with HCl. When a slow current of HCl is passed through
cooled spirits of turpentine, two isomeric compounds are formed,