ur food and
clothing, do not grow of themselves.

The ground must be plowed, the seeds planted and taken care of while
growing. So, outside the city, you may see a great many people at work
raising grain, vegetables, and other plants. This occupation we call
_agriculture_ or _farming;_ the people we call farmers.

Animals, as well as plants, furnish much of our food. All meat comes
from animals. We get milk from cows. From milk we make butter and
cheese.

Animals also supply us with clothing. Many articles of dress are made of
wool. Wool, you know, grows on the sheep. Shoes and kid gloves are made
of leather. Leather is made from the hides of cows; sheep, oxen, and
goats.

But animals could not live and grow if people did not carefully raise
them. In the country, yon may see flocks of sheep and herds of cows and
oxen feeding on the fresh sweet grass of the pastures. Those animals are
called stock. The business of those who raise them is called
_stock-raising._

[Illustration: "HERDS OF COWS AND OXEN FEEDING."]

Most farmers raise cows, horses, and other animals. Which land does the
farmer use for pasture? What is a pasture? What is a meadow?

Grazing means feeding on grass. What animals have you seen grazing? Does
a dog graze? A cow?

Mountains, so rough and rocky, are not good for farms and gardens. But
many of them contain coal, on which millions of people depend for heat
and light. In mountains, too, we find iron, which is more useful to us
than gold and silver.

[Illustration: "A MINE IS LIKE A GREAT CAVERN."]

To get these, thousands of men are at work in places called mines. A
mine is like a great cavern. There is neither sun nor sky. Torches and
lamps give the only light the miners have to see by. The air is damp and
close. I suppose you would not like to work in such a place. Yet great
numbers of persons are employed in _mining._

How is coal taken out of a mine? What are the dangers of coal-mining?
Try to find answers to these questions for yourself. If necessary, your
teacher will help you.

In some parts of the country are forests of pine, oak, and other trees.
Some of these forests are so large we might travel for days or weeks
through them. From trees we get lumber. Lumber is needed for building
houses and ships, and for furniture. So a great many men are employed in
cutting down trees and preparing the wood for use. This is called
_lumbering_.

The lumbermen go into the woods in winter, a