]n[=a]. For notes on Avicenna's
arithmetic, see Woepcke, _Propagation_, p. 502.

[290] On the early travel between the East and the West the following works
may be consulted: A. Hillebrandt, _Alt-Indien_, containing "Chinesische
Reisende in Indien," Breslau, 1899, p. 179; C. A. Skeel, _Travel in the
First Century after Christ_, Cambridge, 1901, p. 142; M. Reinaud,
"Relations politiques et commerciales de l'empire romain avec l'Asie
orientale," in the _Journal Asiatique_, Mars-Avril, 1863, Vol. I (6), p.
93; Beazley, _Dawn of Modern Geography, a History of Exploration and
Geographical Science from the Conversion of the Roman Empire to A.D. 1420_,
London, 1897-1906, 3 vols.; Heyd, _Geschichte des Levanthandels im
Mittelalter_, Stuttgart, 1897; J. Keane, _The Evolution of Geography_,
London, 1899, p. 38; A. Cunningham, _Corpus inscriptionum Indicarum_,
Calcutta, 1877, Vol. I; A. Neander, _General History of the Christian
Religion and Church_, 5th American ed., Boston, 1855, Vol. III, p. 89; R.
C. Dutt, _A History of Civilization in Ancient India_, Vol. II, Bk. V,
chap, ii; E. C. Bayley, loc. cit., p. 28 et seq.; A. C. Burnell, loc. cit.,
p. 3; J. E. Tennent, _Ceylon_, London, 1859, Vol. I, p. 159; Geo. Turnour,
_Epitome of the History of Ceylon_, London, n.d., preface; "Philalethes,"
_History of Ceylon_, London, 1816, chap, i; H. C. Sirr, _Ceylon and the
Cingalese_, London, 1850, Vol. I, chap. ix. On the Hindu knowledge of the
Nile see F. Wilford, _Asiatick Researches_, Vol. III, p. 295, Calcutta,
1792.

[291] G. Oppert, _On the Ancient Commerce of India_, Madras, 1879, p. 8.

[292] Gerhardt, _Etudes_ etc., pp. 8, 11.

[293] See Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_.

[294] P. M. Sykes, _Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, or Eight Years in Iran_,
London, 1902, p. 167. Sykes was the first European to follow the course of
Alexander's army across eastern Persia.

[295] Buehler, _Indian Br[=a]hma Alphabet_, note, p. 27; _Palaeographie_, p.
2; _Herodoti Halicarnassei historia_, Amsterdam, 1763, Bk. IV, p. 300;
Isaac Vossius, _Periplus Scylacis Caryandensis_, 1639. It is doubtful
whether the work attributed to Scylax was written by him, but in any case
the work dates back to the fourth century B.C. See Smith's _Dictionary of
Greek and Roman Biography_.

[296] Herodotus, Bk. III.

[297] Rameses II(?), the _Sesoosis_ of Diodorus Siculus.

[298] _Indian Antiquary_, Vol. I, p. 229; F. B. Jevons, _Manual