ato and Alfalfa. Northern Nut Growers Association,
1942: 97-101. 1943.

2. Barton, Lela V. Seedling Production in _Carya ovata_. _Juglans
cinerea_ and _Juglans nigra_. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 8: (1) 1-5.
1936

A Key to Some Seedlings of Walnuts

W. C. MUENSCHER AND BABETTE I. BROWN

_Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y._

While working with the seedlings of several species of walnuts certain
diagnostic characters, by which the common species can be separated,
became evident. These characters have been used to make a key to
seedlings from one to three months of age. This key has been found
helpful to us and it is here presented in the hope that it may prove
useful to others who need to handle and determine walnuts in the
seedling stage.

The key has two main divisions based upon the types of leaves on the
main axis. The first division includes three species, _Juglans
sieboldiana_, Japanese butternut, _J. cinerea_, American butternut, and
_J. regia_, Persian or English walnut, all of which have only compound
green leaves. In addition, one or more pairs of minute simple scales or
buds occur on the lower part of the stem but above the cotyledons. The
second main division includes species in which the seedlings have
several simple, alternate, scale-like leaves followed successively by
serrate, lobed and finally compound leaves forming a gradual series.
This group includes _Juglans rupestris_, Texas black walnut, _J. nigra_,
eastern black walnut, _J. honorei_, Ecuador walnut, _J. pyriformis_,
Mexican walnut, _J. major_, Arizona black walnut, _J. californica_,
California black walnut, and _J. hindsii_, Hind's black walnut.

It is important that the leaves on the primary axis arising from the
plumule are examined. If the primary axis is injured secondary shoots
may arise from the axils of the cotyledons. These may develop various
types of leaves not necessarily like those of the primary axis. The key
is based upon seedlings grown in the field and in the greenhouse at
Ithaca, New York.

_A Key to seedlings of some species of Juglans_

1. Leaves on the primary axis all compound; 1 to 4 pairs of opposite or
subopposite reduced scales or buds sometimes present on the lower
axis but above the cotyledons.

2. Scales or buds wanting between the lowest compound leaves and the
leaves and the cotyledons _J. sieboldiana_

2. Scales or buds in pairs on 1 to 4 nodes below the compound leaves.

3. Stem with 1