ld in fee the whole green, shadowy, perilous
woodland world."

III

HUMAN TRAITS IN THE ANIMALS

That there is a deal of human nature in the lower animals is a
very obvious fact; or we may turn the proposition around and say,
with equal truth, that there is a deal of animal nature in us
humans. If man is of animal origin, as we are now all coming to
believe, how could this be otherwise? We are all made of one
stuff, the functions of our bodies are practically the same, and
the workings of our instincts and our emotional and involuntary
natures are in many ways identical. I am not now thinking of any
part or lot which the lower orders may have in our intellectual
or moral life, a point upon which, as my reader may know, I
diverge from the popular conception of these matters, but of the
extent in which they share with us the ground or basement story
of the house of life--certain fundamental traits, instincts, and
blind gropings.

Man is a bundle of instincts, impulses, predilections, race and
family affinities, and antagonisms, supplemented by the gift of
reason--a gift of which he sometimes makes use. The animal is a
bundle of instincts, impulses, affinities, appetites, and race
traits, without the extra gift of reason.

The animal has sensation, perception, and power of association,
and these suffice it. Man has sensation, perception, memory,
comparison, ideality, judgment, and the like, which suffice him.

There can be no dispute, I suppose, as to certain emotions and
impulses being exclusively human, such as awe, veneration,
humility, reverence, self-sacrifice, shame, modesty, and many
others that are characteristic of what we call our moral nature.
Then there are certain others that we share with our dumb
neighbors--curiosity, jealousy, joy, anger, sex love, the
maternal and paternal instinct, the instinct of fear, of
self-preservation, and so forth.

There is at least one instinct or faculty that the animals have
far more fully developed than we have--the homing instinct, which
seems to imply a sense of direction that we have not. We have
lost it because we have other faculties to take its place, just
as we have lost that acute sense of smell that is so marvelously
developed in many of the four-footed creatures. It has long been
a contention of mine that the animals all possess the knowledge
and intelligence which is necessary to their self-preservation
and the perpetuity of the species, and that