power; and each degree
Has its peculiar necessary stamp,
Cognizable in forms distinct and lines."--LAVATER.

[Illustration: Fig. 76.
Outline of Skulls. 1. European. 2. Negro. 3.
Tiger. 4. Hedge Hog. 5. Sloth.]

Man, in the faculties of mind, possesses more than a complement for
instinct; some of the lower animals, however, seem to share his rational
nature, and to a certain degree become responsible to him. Finally, the
manifestations of mind bear a relation to the development of cerebral
substance, and to the bodily organization which supplies the brain with
blood. Fig. 76 shows the relative amount of brain matter in the lower
animals, compared with that of man; the peculiarities of each agreeing
with its cerebral conformation. It is easier to measure the capacity of
skulls in different races than to procure and weigh their brains. The
following table has been published.

CRANIAL CAPACITY OF HUMAN RACES.

Race. CUBIC INCHES.

Swedes,................. 100.00
Anglo-Saxons,............ 96.60
Finns,................... 95.00
Anglo-Americans,......... 94.30
Esquimaux,............... 86.32
North America Indians,... 84.00
Native Africans,......... 83.70
Mexicans,................ 81.70
American Negros,......... 80.80
Peruvians and Hottentots, 75.30
Australians,............. 75.00
Gorilla, adult,.......... 34.50
Idiot,................... 22.57

Mr. Davis, of England, having a collection of about eighteen hundred
cranial specimens obtained from different quarters of the globe,
ascertained the relative volume of brain in different races, by filling
the skulls with dry sand. He found that the European averaged 92 cubic
inches, the Oceanic 89, the Asiatic 88, the African 86, the Australian
81. Dr. Morton, of Philadelphia, had a collection of over one thousand
skulls, and his conclusions were that the Caucasian brain is the
largest, the Mongolian next in size, the Malay and American Indian
smaller, and the Ethiopian smallest of all. The average weight of brain,
in 278 Europeans, was 49.50 oz., in 24 White American soldiers, 52.06
oz., indicating a greater _average_ for the American brain.

OUNCES
The brain of Cuvier, the celebrated naturalist, weighed 64.33
Ruloff, the murderer and linguist, 59.00
Dr. Spurzheim--phrenologist,