ale, the other the form and color of the female. The wings show by
their color and appearance these sexual distinctions. The stag-beetle is
also an example. We have accounts of dimidiate hermaphrodite lobster,
male in one half and female in the other half of the body.

Among the numerous classes of higher animals, which have red blood, we
have heard of no well-authenticated instance of hermaphrodism, or the
complete union of _all_ the reproductive organs in one individual. True,
the term _hermaphrodite_ is often applied to certain persons in whom
there is some malformation, deficiency, or excess, of the genital
organs. These congenital deformities consisting of combined increase or
deficiency, supernumerary organs, or transposition of them, which
usually render generation physically impossible, have been called
_bisexual hermaphrodism_ and classed as monstrosities. We have many
published accounts of them, hence, further reference to them here is
unnecessary. We would especially refer those readers who may desire to
make themselves further acquainted with this interesting subject, to the
standard physiological works of Flint, Foster, Carpenter, Bennett,
Dalton, and others equally eminent in this particular branch of science.

Certain theories have been advanced concerning conditions which may
influence the sex of the offspring. One is that the right ovary
furnishes the germs for males, the left for females that the right
testicle furnishes sperm capable of fecundating the germs of males, and
the left testicle, the germs of the left ovary, for females. That
fecundation sometimes takes place from right to left and thus produces
these abnormal variations. We merely state the hypothesis, but do not
regard it as accounting for the distinction of sex, or as causing
monstrosities, though it is somewhat plausible as a theory, and is not
easily disproved. In the lower order of animals, as sheep and swine, one
of the testicles has been removed, and there resulted afterward both
male and female progeny, so that the theory seems to lack facts for a
foundation.

We sometimes witness in the child excessive development, as five
fingers, a large cranium, which results in dropsical effusion, or
deficient brain, as in idiots; sometimes a hand or arm is lacking, or
possibly there is a dual connection, as in the case of the Siamese
twins; or, two heads united on one body. It is difficult to give any
satisfactory explanation of these abnor