at means may public schools assist in the transformation of
illiterate foreigners into "intelligent American citizens"?

3. What are some of the weaknesses of democracy which the public school
may remedy? the press? public officials? the people?

4. Are such affairs as are described in the beginning of the chapter
peculiar to democracies? Why or why not?

5. How may school discipline recognize democratic principles, thereby
laying the foundation of respect for law and order by our future
citizens?

6. What qualities of citizens are inconsistent with a high level of
democracy?

7. Discuss the extent to which the management of the classroom should be
democratic.

8. How may the monarchical government of a school fit pupils for a
democracy? How may it unfit them?

9. In what ways may the following institutions raise the level of
democracy: centralized schools? vocational schools? junior high schools?
moonlight schools? evening schools?

CHAPTER VIII

PATRIOTISM

=Patriotism as a working principle.=--The vitalized school generates and
fosters patriotism, not merely as a sentiment, but more particularly as
a working principle. Patriotism has in it a modicum of sentiment, to be
sure, as do religion, education, the home, and civilization; but
sentiment alone does not constitute real or true patriotism. The man who
shouts for the flag but pursues a course of conduct that brings
discredit upon the name of his country, belies the sentiment that his
shouting would seem to express. The truly patriotic man feels that he
owes to his country and his race his whole self,--his mind, his time,
and his best efforts,--and the payment of this obligation spells life to
him. Thus he inevitably interprets patriotism in terms of industry,
economy, thrift, and the full conservation of time and energy, that he
may render a good account of his stewardship to his country.

=Spelling as patriotism.=--With this broad conception in mind the
teacher elevates patriotism to the rank of a motive and proceeds to
organize all the school activities in consonance with this conception.
Actuated by this high motive the pupils, in time, come to look upon
correct spelling not only as a comfort and a convenience, but also as a
form of patriotism in that it is an exponent of intelligent observation
and as such wins respect and commendation from people at home and people
abroad. Or, to put the case negatively, if we were all deficient in the
m