d spot during the early centuries of the history of
Constantinople, but had lately come to be the residence of
numerous hermits, and the site of several monasteries and
convents. A great part is now occupied by the Jewish colony of
Galata.

41. Nicetas' _Chronicate_, Greek authority on the Latin conquest.

42. Engines for throwing stones and other missiles.

43. Alexius V, Byzantine Emperor.

44. The remarkable church of this monastery still exists as a mosque,
and is known as Eski imaret Mahallasse. It still bears witness to
its having been arranged for both monks and nuns. It is on the
Fourth Hill, just above the Phanar.

45. Alexius V, his Greek name.

46. It was the quarter about the gate in the harbor walls, now known
as Zindan Capou, near the dried-fruit market.

47. Another name of Constantinople.

48. The Great Church, dedicated to the "Divine Wisdom"; the Santa
Sophia, built by Justinian.

49. This office still exists. The principal duty of the person who
holds it is to recite the creed in great religious services when
the patriarch officiates.

50. Romania was the usual name for the Byzantine or Eastern empire.

51. Innocent III.

52. By a similar manoeuvre did the Spaniards rob King Rene two hundred
years later of the city of Naples.

53. Peter's Patrimony was an administrative division of the Papal
States, situated in Central Italy northwest of the Roman
Campagna.--ED.

54. Apulia, a former duchy, was now a part of the Two Sicilies.

55. Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, also ruler of a large part of
Northern Italy, died about 1115, bequeathing her possessions to
the papacy, which she had supported in its struggle with the
Empire. The execution of her will had been prevented by the
Imperial power.

56. This seems a very strong proof that the house of commons was not
then in being; otherwise the knights and burgesses from the
several counties could have given in to the lords a list of
grievances, without so unusual an election.

57. Novgorod was for centuries the chief commercial city of Russia. It
was an independent republic, holding sway over extensive
territories around the Baltic Sea.

58. Suzdal was at this time the principal state of Central Russia,
with a capital of the same name.

59. Translated by Joseph Sohn.

60. Thus was gradually introduced what has since been considered the