chutes
cannot be made to operate unless by a large number of castings, bolts
and studs. With these adjustable water guides, one of the objects was
obtained. Admitting the water to the wheel through chutes
corresponding in height to the outer edge of buckets exposed, but not
placing the water against the face of the buckets at right angles with
the center of the wheel, except when the guide blades were full
opened, for as the guides are changed so is the current of the water
likewise changed.

After making several differently constructed wheels and testing them a
number of times, he selected the best one and obtained a patent for it
March 3, 1868, and called it "new turbine," which he still further
improved and patented May 9, 1871. This "new turbine" consisted of the
former improved Jonval wheel, hub and buckets, with a new circular
case and new form of chutes, having a register gate entirely
surrounding the case and having apertures corresponding to those in
the case for admitting water to the wheel. This register gate was
moved by means of a segment and pinion.

This "new turbine" soon gained for itself a reputation enjoyed by no
other water wheel. It was selected by the United States Patent Office,
and put at work in room 189, to run a pump which forces water to the
top of the building. It was likewise selected by the Japan commission
when they were in this country to select samples of our best machines.
He continued making the 1868 patent and improved in 1871 "new turbine"
but a few years, for as long as he could detect a defect in the wheel,
case or gate, he continued improving and simplifying them, and in 1873
he erected a very complete testing flume, also made a very sensitive
dynamometer, it having a combination screw for tightening the friction
band, which required 100 turns to make one inch, and commenced making
and experimenting with different constructed turbines. He made five
different wheels and made over a hundred tests before he was
satisfied. Application was then made for a patent, which was granted
March 31, 1874, for his "Standard turbine."

This "Standard turbine" was a combination of his former improvements,
with the cover extending over top of the gate to prevent it from
tilting, and an eccentric wheel working in cam yoke to open and close
the gate.

Thousands of Standard turbines are to-day working and giving the best
satisfaction, and we venture to say that not one of the Standard
turbines