rror
galvanometer was the result.

The principle on which this instrument works may be briefly described
thus: the transmitted current of electricity causes the deflection of
a small magnet, to which is attached a mirror about three-eighths of
an inch in diameter, a beam of light is reflected from a properly
arranged lamp, by the mirror, on to a paper scale. The dots and dashes
of the Morse code are indicated by the motions of the spot of light to
the right and left respectively of the center of the scale.

The mirror galvanometer is now almost entirely superseded by the
siphon recorder. This is a somewhat complicated apparatus, with the
details of which we need not trouble our readers. Suffice it for us to
explain that a suspended coil is made to communicate its motions, by
means of fine silk fibers, to a very fine glass siphon, one end of
which dips into an insulated metallic vessel containing ink, while the
other extremity rests, when no current is passing, just over the
center of a paper ribbon. When the instrument is in use the ink is
driven out of the siphon in small drops by means of an electrical
arrangement, and the ribbon underneath is at the same time caused to
pass underneath its point by means of clockwork.

If a current be now sent through the line, the siphon will move above
or below the central line, thus giving a permanent record of the
message, which the mirror instrument does not. The waves written by
the siphon above the central line corresponding to the dots of the
Morse code, and the waves underneath corresponding to the dashes.

The cost of the transmission of a cablegram varies from one shilling
per word, the rate to New York and east of the Mississippi, to ten
shillings and seven pence per word, the rate to New Zealand. In order
to minimize that cost as much as possible, the use of codes, whereby
one word is made to do duty for a lengthy phrase, is much resorted to.
Of course those code messages form a series of words having no
apparent relation to each other, but occasionally queer sentences
result from the chance grouping of the code words. Thus a certain tea
firm was once astonished to receive from its agent abroad the
startling code message--"Unboiled babies detested"!

Suppose we now follow the adventures of a few cablegrams in their
travels over the world.

A message to India from London by the cable route requires to be
transmitted eight times at the following places: Porthcurno
(