ile a man had a divorced wife living was
apparently put in the same category with having two wives at the same time
(4 20 f.; cf. Matt. 5 31 f.). Marriage with a niece (brother's or sister's
daughter) they treated as incest, reasoning that marriage between a woman
and her uncle stood on all fours with marriage between a man and his aunt,
which was expressly forbidden as within the prohibited degrees of
kinship.(36) The three snares of Belial by which he ensnared Israel are
fornication (that is, plural or incestuous unions), wealth (that is,
unrighteous gain), and the pollution of the sanctuary (4 15 f.; cf. 5 6
f.).(37)

The same rigorous tendency which appears in the attitude of the sect in
regard to marriage pervades the whole legal part of the work before us.
The rules for the observance of the Sabbath (10 14-11 21) will make this
clear.

Concerning the Sabbath, to keep it as it is prescribed.

1. On the sixth day no man shall do any work from the time when
the disk of the sun is distant from the western portal(38) by its
diameter (?); for this is what he said: Observe the Sabbath day to
hallow it.

2. On the Sabbath a man shall not engage in any foolish
conversation; and he shall not exact repayment from his neighbor;
nor shall he give judgment in matters of property; he shall not
talk about matters of work and labor to be done on the next day.

3. A man shall not walk in the country to do the work of his
business on the Sabbath. He shall not walk outside of his town
above one thousand(39) cubits.

4. No man shall eat on the Sabbath anything except what was
previously prepared or what is spoiling in the field. He shall not
eat or drink anything but what was in the camp. If he be on the
way and descend to bathe, he may drink as he stands, but must not
draw water in any vessel.(40)

5. He must not send a foreigner to do his business on the Sabbath
day.

6. A man must not put on soiled garments or such as are brought by
a gentile, without washing them in water or rubbing them with
frankincense.(41)

7. A man shall not exchange pledges(42) of his own accord on the
Sabbath.

8. A man shall not follow his cattle, to pasture them outside his
town, except within 2000 cubits. He shall not lift his arm to
strike them with his fist; if the animal is breachy, let him not
take her out of the house.