| juveniles | juveniles
---------------------+--------+-----------+----------
Capitan Mountains | 57 | 15 | 100:26
Sierra Blanca | 30 | 22 | 100:73
Sacramentos, 1958 | 42 | 30 | 100:71
Sacramentos, '56-'57 | 46 | 35 | 100:76
+--------+-----------+----------
All | 175 | 102 | 100:58
---------------------+--------+-----------+----------

For purposes of this study we had only to age the individuals into adult
and subadult classes. The criterion for adult status was breeding
capability. A five-millimeter testis was the smallest size found in
individuals that probably bred, and all of these were 40 mm. or more in
snout-vent length. We arbitrarily considered individuals smaller than 40
mm. to be subadult. This probably does injustice to reality (females
were treated the same way), but it should be noted that any error
introduced in this way was almost certain to have increased the number
of "subadults" in the samples. Thus, the hypothesis above based on
age-ratios is not automatically invalid because of improper aging.

_Timing of the breeding season_

The time in which egg-clusters are deposited is a good rough index to
events in the breeding cycle. We found four egg-clusters, one on July
14, 1957, and three on July 27, 1957; the only other eggs taken to date
were found in late August (Lowe, 1950:94). Thus, courtship could occur
in June, oviposition in July and August, and hatching from August to
September. Actually, it is likely that the season is more restricted in
time for any one year. Lowe's find was made in a year in which the
summer rains were late, beginning in late July (Stebbins, 1951:137),
whereas ours were made in a year having abundant and relatively early
rainfall, beginning in late June. Microclimatic humidity is of extreme
importance to both the salamanders and their food.

We suppose a great deal of breeding activity takes place underground;
the chronology of events in such sites may bear no close relationship to
those occurring at the surface, yet it is likely that a close parallel
would be found. Breeding activities are ordinarily associated in time
with greatest food abundance.

_Clutch-size_

By clutch-size we refer to the number of eggs in laid clusters. We
collected clutches of six, four, four and one; adding one more of three
(Lowe, _op. cit._) gives an average of 3.6 eggs per clu