ea_ can be extended somewhat
more than one-half inch in capturing flies; for _A. hardii_ this
distance is usually less than one-quarter inch. The relatively short
tongue of _A. hardii_ can be correlated with its life in restricted,
subsurface chambers, where prey most frequently is close to salamanders;
_E. longicauda_ inhabits significantly more open sites.

Parasites

Thirty of the adult _Aneides_ collected were examined for parasites;
most were parasitized by two species of nematodes, _Oswaldocruzia_ sp.
and _Thelandros_ sp. The former is found in the anterior part of the
small intestine and occasionally in the stomach, and the latter occurs
in the rectum. There were no gross intestinal pathological changes in
the salamanders resulting from parasitism. In fact, no pathological or
structural abnormalities were noted in any of the salamanders examined.
We believe the two nematodes are well-tolerated by the salamander.

Table 2.--Occurrence of Parasitic Nematodes in Aneides hardii

=========================+=============+==============+===================
| | |
| | Number of | Per cent of
| | nematodes | nematodes that
| Per cent of | per host | were immature
| salamanders +-------+------+-------+-----------
| infected | | | |
| | range | mean | July | Aug.-Sept.
-------------------------+-------------+-------+------+-------+-----------
| | | | |
_Oswaldocruzia_ sp. | 83 | 2-15 | 3.6 | 100 | 20
| | | | |
_Thelandros_ sp. | 90 | 1-17 | 3.3 | 64.6 | 5.7
-------------------------+-------------+-------+------+-------+-----------

The numerical and temporal occurrence of the nematodes is summarized in
Table 2. It should be noted that of the 17 worms constituting the
maximum infection by _Thelandros_, only one was an adult worm; the
maximum number of adult _Thelandros_ in any one host was five.
Similarly, the heaviest _Oswaldocruzia_ infection, 15 worms, consisted
of immature individuals; the maximum number of adult worms in any one
host was ten.

The monthly variation in the relative occurrence of you