ca insularis._

Range.--Breeding on Kadiak Island; winters south to California.

Like the last but browner above and below.

585g. TOWNSEND'S FOX SPARROW. _Passerella iliaca townsendi._

Range.--Southern coast of Alaska; winters south to California. Like the
last but more rufous above.

Upperparts and tail uniform brownish umber, below heavily spotted.

586. TEXAS SPARROW. _Arremonops rufivirgatus._

Range.--Eastern Mexico and southern Texas.

This odd species has a brownish crown, olive greenish upperparts, wings
and tail, and grayish white underparts. They are common resident birds
along the Lower Rio Grande, being found in tangled thickets, where they
nest at low elevations, making their quite bulky nests of coarse weeds
and grass and sometimes twigs, lined with finer grass and hair; they are
often partially domed with an entrance on the side. Their eggs are plain
white, without markings; often several broods are raised in a season and
eggs may be found from May until August.

[Illustration 359: Fox Sparrow.]
[Illustration: White.]
[Illustration: right hand margin.]

Page 358

587. TOWHEE. _Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus._

Range.--North America east of the Plains, breeding from the Gulf to
Manitoba.

The well known Towhee, Ground Robin or Chewink is a bird commonly met
with in eastern United States; it frequents thickets, swamps and open
woods where they nest generally upon the ground and sometimes in bushes
near the ground. The nests are well made of grasses, lined with fine
grasses and rootlets, and the eggs, which are laid in May or June, are
pinkish white, generally finely sprinkled but sometimes with bold
markings of light reddish brown, with great variations. Size .90 x .70.

Towhees are noisy birds and at frequent intervals, while they are
scratching among the leaves for their food they will stop and utter
their familiar "tow-hee" or "che-wink" and then again will mount to the
summit of a tree or bush and sing their sweet refrain for a long time.

587a. WHITE-EYED TOWHEE. _Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni._

Range.--Florida and the Atlantic coast to South Carolina.

This variety is like the preceding except that the eyes are white
instead of red. There is no difference between their nesting habits and
eggs, except that they much more frequently, and in some localities,
almost always, nest in trees.

588. ARCTIC TOWHEE. _Pipilo maculatus arcticus._

Range.--Great Plains, b