future.
10. Quantitative relation of parts in the organism of
Industry.
11. Quantitative relation of Capital and Consumption.
12. Economic limits of Saving for a Community.
13. No limits to the possibility of individual Saving--Clash
of individual and social interests in Saving.
14. Objection that excess in forms of Capital would drive
interests to zero not valid.
15. Excess is in embodiments of Capital, not in real Capital.
16. Uncontrolled Machinery a source of fluctuation.

CHAPTER VIII.

MACHINERY AND DEMAND FOR LABOUR 220

1. The Influence of Machinery upon the number of Employed,
dependent on "elasticity of demand."
2. Measurement of direct effects on Employment in Staple
Manufactures.
3. Effects of Machinery in other Employments--The Evidence of
French Statistics.
4. Influence of Introduction of Machinery upon Regularity of
Employment.
5. Effects of "Unorganised" Machine-industry upon Regularity.
6. Different Ways in which modern Industry causes
Unemployment.
7. Summary of General Conclusions.

CHAPTER IX.

MACHINERY AND THE QUALITY OF LABOUR 244

1. Kinds of Labour which Machinery supersedes.
2. Influence of Machine-evolution upon intensity of physical
work.
3. Machinery and the length of the working day.
4. The Education of Working with Machinery.
5. The levelling tendency of Machinery--The subordination of
individual capacity in work.

CHAPTER X.

THE ECONOMY OF HIGH WAGES 261

1. The Economy of Low Wages.
2. Modifications of the Early Doctrine--Sir T. Brassey's
Evidence from Heavy Manual Work.
3. Wages, Hours, and Product in Machine-industry.
4. A General Application of the Economy of High Wages and
Short Hours inadmissible.
5. Mutual Determination of Conditions of Employment and
Productivity.
6. Compressibility of Labour and Intensification of Effort.
7. Effective Consumption dependent upon Spare Energy of the
Worker.
8. Growth of Machinery in relation to Standard of Comfort.
9. Economy of High Wages dependent upon Consumption.

CHAPTER XI.

SOME EFFECTS OF MODERN INDUSTRY UPON THE WORKERS AS CONSUMERS 285

1. How far the different Working Classes gain from the Fall
of Prices.
2. Part of the E