h a resulting controversy as to the relative importance of
nature and nurture. Others have sought a "soul of the people" and have
tried to construct a "collective psychology," repeating for groups
processes which are now abandoned for individuals. Historians, groping
for the ethos, have tried to write the history of "the people" of such
and such a state. The ethos individualizes groups and keeps them apart.
Its opposite is cosmopolitanism. It degenerates into patriotic vanity
and chauvinism. Industrialism weakens it, by extending relations of
commerce with outside groups. It coincides better with militancy. It has
held the Japanese people like a single mailed fist for war. What
religion they have has lost all character except that of a cohesive
agent to hold the whole close organization tight together.

[1] JAI, XX, 140.

[2] Lazarus in _Ztsft. fuer Voelkerpsy_., I, 452.

[3] Preuss in _Globus_, LXXXVII, 419.

[4] _Princ. of Sociology_, sec. 529.

[5] Rogers, _Babyl. and Assyria_, I, 304; Jastrow, in
Hastings, _Dict. Bible_, Supp. vol., 554.

[6] Pietschmann, _Phoenizier_, 154.

[7] Pietschmann, _Phoenizier_, 115.

[8] Maspero, _Peuples de l'Orient_, III, 618.

[9] W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, 259.

[10] Hosea i. 4; 2 Kings ix. 8.

[11] 1 Kings xxii. 22; Judges ix. 23; Ezek. xiv. 9; 2 Thess. ii.
11.

[12] 2 Kings xx. 3.

[13] Reich, _Mimus_, 718.

[14] _Teuton. Mythol._, 1777.

[15] Leland and Prince, _Kuloskap_, 150.

[16] _Globus_, LXXXVII, 128.

[17] Martius, _Ethnog. Brasil._, 51.

[18] Krieger, _New Guinea_, 192.

[19] Tylor, _Anthropology_, 225.

[20] Martius, _Ethnog. Brasil._, 51.

[21] _Bur. Eth._, XIV, 1078.

[22] Wiklund, _Om Lapparna i Sverige_, 5.

[23] Fries, _Groenland_, 139.

[24] Hiekisch, _Tungusen_, 48.

[25] Hitchcock in _U. S. Nat. Mus._, 1890, 432.

[26] Ratzel, _Hist. Mankind_, II, 539.

[27] _Bur. Eth._, XVII (Part I), 154.

[28] Von Kremer, _Kulturgesch. d. Orients_, II, 236.

[29] Bishop, _Korea_, 438.

[30] _Amer. Anthrop._, VIII, 365.

[31] Cf. also _Bur. Eth._, XVII (Part I), 190.

[32] _Une Femme chez les Sahariennes_, 105.

[33] Stoll, _Suggestion und Hypnotismus_, 702.

[34] Friedmann, _Wahnideen im Voelkerleben_, 222.

[35] Binet, _La Suggestibilite_, treats of its use in education.

[36] Lefevre, _La Suggestion_, 102