FOLKWAYS
AND OF THE MORES

Definition and mode of origin of the folkways.--The folkways are
a societal force.--Folkways are made unconsciously.--Impulse
and instinct; primeval stupidity; magic.--The strain of
improvement and consistency.--The aleatory element.--All
origins are lost in mystery.--Spencer on primitive custom.--
Good and bad luck; ills of life; goodness and happiness.--
Illustrations.--Immortality and compensation.--Tradition and
its restraints.--The concepts of "primitive society";
"we-groups" and "others-groups."--Sentiments in the in-group
towards out-groups.--Ethnocentrism.--Illustrations.--
Patriotism.--Chauvinism.--The struggle for existence and the
competition of life; antagonistic cooperation.--Four motives:
hunger, love, vanity, fear.--The process of making folkways.--
Suggestion and suggestibility.--Suggestion in education.--
Manias.--Suggestion in politics.--Suggestion and criticism.--
Folkways based on false inferences.--Harmful folkways.--How
"true" and "right" are found.--The folkways are right; rights;
morals.--The folkways are true.--Relations of world philosophy
to folkways.--Definition of the mores.--Taboos.--No primitive
philosophizing; myths; fables; notion of social welfare.--The
imaginative element.--The ethical policy and the success
policy.--Recapitulation.--Scope and method of the mores.--
Integration of the mores of a group or age.--Purpose of the
present work.--Why use the word "mores."--The mores are a
directive force.--Consistency in the mores.--The mores of
subgroups.--What are classes?--Classes rated by societal
value.--Class; race; group solidarity.--The masses and the
mores.--Fallacies about the classes and the masses.--Action of
the masses on ideas.--Organization of the masses.--Institutions
of civil liberty.--The common man.--The "people"; popular
impulses.--Agitation.--The ruling element in the masses.--The
mores and institutions.--Laws.--How laws and institutions
differ from mores.--Difference between mores and some cognate
things.--Goodness or badness of the mores.--More exact
definition of the mores.--Ritual.--The ritual of the mores.--
Group interests and policy.--Group interests and folkways.--
Force in the folkways.--Might and right.--Status.--
Conventionalization.--Conventions indispensable.--The "ethos"
or group char