.--Kinds of
kinship.--How family mores are formed.--Family and marriage.--
Goblinism and kinship; blood revenge.--Procreation; forms of the
family.--Notions about procreation and share in it.--Blood
revenge and the in-group--Institutional ties replace the blood
tie.--Peace in the in-group.--Parties to blood revenge.--Blood
revenge in ethnography.--Blood revenge in Israel.--Peace units
and peace pacts.--The instability of great peace unions.--The
Arabs.--The development of the philosophy of blood revenge.--
Alleviations of blood revenge.--The king's peace.--The origin
of criminal law.

+534. Kinship.+ Kinship is a fact which, in the forms of heredity and
race, is second to none in importance to the interests of men. It is a
fact which was concealed by ignorance from primitive men. It is yet
veiled in much mystery from us. Nevertheless the notion of kinship was
one of the very first notions formed by primitive men as a bond of
association, and they based folkways upon their ideas about it. They
deduced the chief inferences and handed the whole down to succeeding
generations. Therefore the assumed knowledge of the facts of kinship was
used as the basis of a whole series of societal conventions. The first
construction was the family, which was a complete institution. Of course
marriage was a relationship which was controlled and adjusted by the
family ideas. From the folkways as to kinship all the simplest
conceptions of societal rights and duties were derived, societal
institutions were constructed, and societal organization has grown up.

+535. Forms of kinship.+ That a certain child was born of a certain
woman, after having been for some time in physical connection with her
body, is an historical and physical fact. That another child was born of
the same mother is another fact, of the same order. It may be believed
that these facts produce permanent life relations between the mother and
children, and between the children, or it may be believed that the facts
have no importance for duties, interests, or sympathies. The relations,
if recognized, may be defined and construed in many different ways and
degrees. They could also be carried further by including more
generations, or wider collateral branches, until kinship would include a
sib, or family in the widest sense,--those related within some limit of
descent and cousinship on a system decided on (mother family, father
family, etc.) and tr