an
element. {vii} The illustrations are numerous, and have been carefully
selected from various sources, not accessible to the majority of
students, with the object, not simply of pleasing the general reader,
but rather of elucidating the historical narrative. A bibliographical
note has also been added of those authorities which the author has
consulted in writing this story, and to which the reader, who wishes to
pursue the subject further, may most advantageously refer.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, OTTAWA,
_Dominion Day, 1896_.

PUBLISHER'S NOTE.

Owing to the passing of Sir John Bourinot, the revisions necessary to
bring this work up to date had to be entrusted to another hand.
Accordingly, Mr. William H. Ingram has kindly undertaken the task, and
has contributed the very judiciously selected information now embodied
in Chapter XXX. on the recent development of Canada. Chapter XXVIII.
by Mr. Edward Porritt, author of _Sixty Years of Protection in Canada_,
has also been included, as being indicative of the history of the time
he describes. Mr. Ingram has also made other revisions of considerable
value.

1, ADELPHI TERRACE.
_March, 1922_.

{ix}

CONTENTS

PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

I.

INTRODUCTION--THE CANADIAN DOMINION FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN 1

II.

THE DAWN OF DISCOVERY IN CANADA (1497-1525) . . . . . . . 19

III.

A BRETON SAILOR DISCOVERS CANADA AND ITS GREAT RIVER
(1534-1536) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

IV.

FROM CARTIER TO DE MONTS (1540-1603) . . . . . . . . . . . 44

V.

THE FRENCH OCCUPATION OF ACADIA AND THE FOUNDATION
OF PORT ROYAL (1604-1614) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

VI.

SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN IN THE VALLEY OF THE ST. LAWRENCE
(1608-1635) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

VII.

GENTLEMEN-ADVENTURERS IN ACADIA (1614-1677) . . . . . . . 92

{x}

VIII.

THE CANADIAN INDIANS AND THE IROQUOIS: THEIR
ORGANISATION, CHARACTER, AND CUSTOMS . . . . . . . . . . 110

IX.

CONVENTS AND HOSPITALS--VILLE-MARIE--MARTYRED
MISSIONARIES--VICTORIOUS IROQUOIS--HAPLESS HURONS
(1635-1652) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

X.

YEARS OF GLOOM--THE KING COMES TO THE RESCUE OF
CANADA--THE IROQUOIS HUMBLED (1652-1667) . . . . . . . . 146

XI.

CANADA AS A ROYAL P