re nearly 500 slaves held in Northern States not placed
in this census.

CHAPTER X.

THE "BLACK LAWS" OF "BORDER STATES."

STRINGENT LAWS ENACTED AGAINST FREE NEGROES AND
MULATTOES.--FUGITIVE-SLAVE LAW RESPECTED IN OHIO.--A LAW TO
PREVENT KIDNAPPING.--THE FIRST CONSTITUTION OF OHIO.--HISTORY OF
THE DRED SCOTT CASE.--JUDGE TANEY'S OPINION IN THIS CASE.--OHIO
CONSTITUTION OF 1851 DENIED FREE NEGROES THE RIGHT TO VOTE.--THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF COLORED SCHOOLS.--LAW IN INDIANA TERRITORY IN
REFERENCE TO EXECUTIONS.--AN ACT FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEGROES
AND MULATTOES INTO THE TERRITORY.--FIRST CONSTITUTION OF
INDIANA.--THE ILLINOIS CONSTITUTION OF 1818.--CRIMINAL CODE
ENACTED.--ILLINOIS LEGISLATURE PASSES AN ACT TO PREVENT THE
EMIGRATION OF FREE NEGROES INTO THE STATE.--FREE NEGROES OF THE
NORTHERN STATES ENDURE RESTRICTION AND PROSCRIPTION.

Although slavery was excluded from all the new States northwest of the
Ohio River, the free Negro was but little better off in Ohio, Indiana,
and Illinois than in any of the Southern States. From the earliest
moment of the organic existence of the border free States, severe laws
were enacted against free Negroes and Mulattoes. At the second session
of the first Legislature of the State of Ohio, "_An Act to Regulate
Black and Mulatto Persons_"[37] was passed.

Sec. 1. That no black or mulatto person shall be permitted to
settle or reside in this State "without a certificate of his or
her actual freedom."

2. Resident blacks and mulattoes to have their names recorded,
etc. (Amended in 1834, Jan. 5 1, Curwen, 126.) _Proviso_, "That
nothing in this act contained shall bar the lawful claim to any
black or mulatto person."

3. Residents prohibited from hiring black or mulatto persons not
having a certificate.

4. Forbids, under penalty, to "harbor or secrete any black or
mulatto person the property of any person whatever," or to
"hinder or prevent the lawful owner or owners from re-taking,"
etc.

5. Black or mulatto persons coming to reside in the State with a
legal certificate, to record the same.

6. "That in case any person or persons, his or their agent or
agents, claiming any black or mulatto person or persons that now
are or hereafter may be in this State, may apply, upon making
satisfactory proof that such black o