ern shores, where many millions of their descendants are now
established.

Henry, with his usual sagacity, saw the advantage of having a fleet of
ships exclusively fitted for war, instead of drawing off those which
might be well calculated for the purposes of commerce, but were not,
from their construction, suited to stand the brunt of battle. He could
not but perceive, besides this, that by employing the merchant-vessels,
as had before been done, for the purposes of fighting, he crippled the
merchants in their commercial pursuits, and prevented them from
supplying him with the sinews of war. He desired also to have a
permanent fleet ready, should war break out, to protect the coasts of
his kingdom from foreign invasion. The first ship he built was called
the _Great Harry_. She cost 14,000 pounds. She had four masts, a high
poop and forecastle, in which were placed numerous guns, turning inboard
and outwards. She had only one tier of guns on the upper-deck, as ports
were not used in those days. She was, however, what would now be called
frigate-built. She was burnt by accident at Woolwich in 1553. The
_Great Harry_ may properly be considered the first ship of what is now
denominated the Royal Navy. There is a model of her in Somerset House,
and there are numerous prints of her which give a notion of what she was
like. Few seamen of the present day, I fancy, would wish to go to sea
in a similar craft. I certainly used to doubt that such a vessel could
have ventured out of harbour at all, till I saw the Chinese junk which
was brought to the Thames all the way round from China, and which, in
appearance and construction, is not very dissimilar to what, from her
model, the _Great Harry_ must have been, except in point of size. She
probably did not measure much less than 1000 tons; she must have been,
therefore, about the size of a modern frigate.

CHAPTER FIVE.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROYAL NAVY OF ENGLAND--FROM A.D. 1509 TO A.D. 1558.

No sovereign of England was ever proclaimed with more universal joy than
was Henry the Eighth, when, at the age of eighteen, he succeeded to the
throne of his father, A.D. 1509. Tyrant and despot as he became at
home, he did not neglect the interests of commerce, while he maintained
the honour of England abroad. He made very great improvements in the
work his father had commenced. By his prerogative, and at his own
expense, he settled the constitution of the present Royal